1, 2. Nei vanhu vakawanda vachishora mutemo, asi tinogona kusvika pakuona sei mitemo yaMwari?

 “MUTEMO igomba risingazari, . . . zvinhu zvese zvinoperera mariri.” Mashoko iwayo aiva mubhuku rakabudiswa muna 1712. Munyori waro ainyunyuta nezvezvinowanzoitika mumatare edzimhosva kuti dzimwe nyaya dzinopedza makore, mari yese igopera, munhu achida kuti nyaya yake itongwe. Munyika dzakawanda mabumbiro emutemo haanzwisisiki, zvekuti akazara nemitemo isina kururama, inosarura vamwe vanhu, uye isingapindirane, saka vanhu vakawanda vanoshora mutemo.

² Ona kusiyana kwakaita izvozvo nemashoko aya akanyorwa makore anenge 2 700 apfuura anoti: “Ndinoda chaizvo mutemo wenyu!” (Pisarema 119:97) Nei munyori wepisarema aida mutemo zvakadaro? Nekuti mutemo waairumbidza waibva kuna Jehovha Mwari, kwete kuhurumende ipi zvayo yevanhu. Paunodzidza mitemo yaJehovha, unosvika pakuiona semaonerwo ayaiitwa nemunyori wepisarema. Kudzidza kwakadaro kunokubatsira kunzwisisa Mutongi anogadza mitemo yakakwirira kupfuura ipi neipi pasi pano.

3, 4. Jehovha akaratidza sei kuti Mupi Wemutemo?

³ Bhaibheri rinoti: “Pane mumwe chete anopa mitemo uye Mutongi.” (Jakobho 4:12) Zvechokwadi Jehovha ndiye ega akakodzera kupa mitemo. Kunyange nyeredzi nezvimwe zvinhu zviri mudenga zvinofamba maererano ‘nemitemo yekudenga.’ (Jobho 38:33) Ngirozi tsvene dzaJehovha dzinotungamirirwawo nemitemo yake, nekuti dzakarongwa muzvinzvimbo zvakasiyana-siyana, dzichimuteerera uye dzichimushumira.—Pisarema 104:4; VaHebheru 1:7, 14.

 ⁴ Jehovha akapawo vanhu mitemo. Mumwe nemumwe wedu ane hana, iyo inoratidza kuti Jehovha akatisika tiine pfungwa yekuda kuona vamwe vachibatwa zvakarurama. Hana yakaita semutemo uri mukati medu, unotibatsira kusiyanisa zvakanaka nezvakaipa. (VaRoma 2:14) Vabereki vedu vaiva nehana isina kana chakakanganisika, saka vakanga vasingadi mitemo yakawandisa. (Genesisi 2:15-17) Asi isu, sezvo tiine chivi, tinoda mitemo yakawanda kuti ititungamirire pakuita kuda kwaMwari. Vamwe vakararama kare vakadai saNoa, Abrahamu, naJakobho vakawana mitemo kubva kuna Jehovha Mwari, vachiipa mhuri dzavo. (Genesisi 6:22; 9:3-6; 18:19; 26:4, 5) Jehovha akazoshandisa imwe nzira itsva yekupa mitemo paakapa vaIsraeri bumbiro reMutemo achishandisa Mozisi. Bumbiro iri reMutemo rinonyatsotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti Jehovha anoona sei nyaya yekutonga zvakarurama.

5. Ungati Mutemo waMozisi wakanga wakaoma kunzwisisa uchirema kutevedzera here, uye nei uchidaro?

⁵ Vazhinji vanoona Mutemo waMozisi sewakanga usinganzwisisiki uye wairema. Pfungwa iyoyo haisi yechokwadi zvachose. Bumbiro racho rese rine mitemo inopfuura 600. Vamwe vangafunga kuti mitemo iyi yakawandisa, asi chavasingazivi ndechekuti pakazosvika gore ra2000, mitemo yemuUnited States yakanga yawanda zvekuti yaitoda mapeji anopfuura 150 000 kuti inyorwe yese mumabhuku. Makore maviri ega ega panowedzerwa mimwe mitemo ingasvika 600! Saka kana pari panyaya yeuwandu hwemitemo, mitemo yevanhu yakawandisa nekure kupfuura yaiva muMutemo waMozisi. Asi Mutemo waMwari waibata dzimwe nyaya dzeupenyu dzekuti mitemo yevanhu kunyange nanhasi haisati yava kudzibata. Ngatimboonai dzimwe dzacho muchidimbu.

6, 7. (a) Chii chinosiyanisa Mutemo waMozisi nemamwe mabumbiro ese emutemo, uye ndeupi waiva mutemo mukuru pane yese muMutemo iwoyo? (b) VaIsraeri vaigona sei kuratidza kuti vaibvuma kodzero yaJehovha yekuvatonga?

⁶ Mutemo wairatidza kuti Jehovha ndiye ane kodzero yekutonga.  Saka Mutemo waMozisi hauenzaniswi nerimwe bumbiro remutemo ripi neripi zvaro. Mutemo mukuru pabumbiro iroro waiva uyu: “Teerera, haiwa iwe Israeri: Jehovha Mwari wedu ndiJehovha mumwe chete. Ida Jehovha Mwari wako nemwoyo wako wese nemweya wako wese nesimba rako rese.” VaIsraeri vaifanira kuratidza sei kuti vaimuda? Vaifanira kumushumira, vachizviisa pasi peutongi hwake.—Dheuteronomi 6:4, 5; 11:13.

⁷ MuIsraeri mumwe nemumwe airatidza kuti anobvuma utongi hwaJehovha nekuzviisa pasi pevaya vaiva vakapiwa masimba pamusoro pake. Mwari akanga akapa masimba vanhu vakadai sevabereki, machinda, vatongi, vapristi uye nekufamba kwenguva madzimambo. Munhu aingopandukira vanhu ava vakanga vakapiwa masimba aitotorwa naJehovha sekunge apandukira iye pachake. Ivo vachowo vakanga vakapiwa simba naJehovha vaigona kumutsa hasha dzake kana vakabata vanhu zvisina kururama kana kuti vakazvikudza. (Eksodho 20:12; 22:28; Dheuteronomi 1:16, 17; 17:8-20; 19:16, 17) Saka munhu wese aifanira kutsigira kodzero yaJehovha yekutonga.

8. Mutemo waisimudzira sei utsvene hwaJehovha?

⁸ Mutemo wairatidza kuti Jehovha anoda utsvene. Mashoko akabatana neshoko rekuti “utsvene” anowanika kanopfuura ka280 muMutemo waMozisi. Mutemo waibatsira vanhu kusiyanisa pakati pechinhu chakachena nechisina, uchitaura zvinhu zvingasvika 70 zvaigona kuita kuti muIsraeri aonekwe naJehovha seasina kuchena. Mitemo iyi yaibata nyaya dzakaita seutsanana, zvekudya, kunyange kurasa tsvina. Mitemo yacho yaibatsira zvikuru panyaya dzeutano. a Asi chinangwa chayo chikuru chaiva chekuita kuti varambe vachifarirwa naJehovha, uye varambe vakaparadzana nemaitiro aisemesa aiitwa nenyika dzainge dzakavapoteredza. Ngationei zvimwe zvaiwanika muMutemo uyu.

9, 10. Mutemo waiti kudini nezvekusangana kwemurume nemukadzi, uye mitemo iyoyo yaibatsira sei?

 ⁹ Mutemo wairatidza kuti kusangana kwemurume nemudzimai pabonde, kunyange vakaroorana, kana kusununguka mwana, zvaiita kuti munhu ambova asina kuchena. (Revhitiko 12:2-4; 15:16-18) Izvi zvakanga zvisingarevi kuti Mwari akanga achishora zvipo izvi zvaakapa vanhu. (Genesisi 1:28; 2:18-25) Mitemo iyi yaitoratidza kuti Jehovha mutsvene zvakadini, ichitochengetedza vanamati vake kuti vasasvibiswa. Asi marudzi akanga akapoteredza vaIsraeri aitosanganisa nyaya dzepabonde nekunamata. Kunamata kwevaKenani kwaitosanganisira pfambi dzechirume nedzechikadzi. Izvi zvaiita kuti unzenza huzare uye hupararire. Asi Mutemo waiita kuti nyaya dzebonde dziparadzane zvachose nekunamatwa kwaJehovha. b Mutemo iwoyo une zvimwe zvawaibatsirawo.

¹⁰ Mitemo iyoyo yaidzidzisa chimwe chokwadi chinokosha. c Mitemo iyoyo yaiyeuchidza vanhu kuti kusangana kwemurume nemukadzi pabonde uye kuzvarwa kwemwana ndiko kunopfuudza chivi chaAdhamu kubva kune chimwe chizvarwa kuenda kune chinotevera. (VaRoma 5:12) Izvi zvinoreva kuti Mutemo waMwari waiyeuchidza vanhu vake kuti vane chivi. Tingatoti tese zvedu tinozvarirwa muchivi. (Pisarema 51:5) Tinoda kukanganwirwa uye kudzikinurwa kuti tikwanise kuswedera pedyo naMwari wedu mutsvene.

11, 12. (a) Ipfungwa ipi inokosha yaitsigirwa neMutemo waMozisi? (b) Urongwa hupi hwaichengetedza kuti vanhu vasatonga zvisina kururama?

¹¹ Mutemo wairatidza kuti Jehovha anoda kutonga zvakarurama. Mutemo waMozisi waitsigira pfungwa yekuenzanisa, kana  kuti kusarerekera kune rimwe divi panyaya dzekutonga. Ndokusaka Mutemo waiti: “Upenyu huchatsiviwa neupenyu, ziso neziso, zino nezino, ruoko neruoko, tsoka netsoka.” (Dheuteronomi 19:21) Saka kana munhu apara mhosva, mutongo wacho kana kuti chirango zvaifanira kuenderana nemhosva yacho. Pfungwa iyi yematongero aMwari yaiwanika muMutemo wese uye nanhasi ndiyo inotibatsira kunzwisisa chibayiro chaJesu Kristu, sezvatichakurukura muChitsauko 14.—1 Timoti 2:5, 6.

¹² Mutemo waivawo neurongwa hwaiita kuti vanotonga vasatsaudzira. Humwe hwacho ndehwekuti paidiwa zvapupu zviviri kana paine mhosva iri kupomerwa munhu. Munhu aipika zvenhema aipiwa chirango chakasimba. (Dheuteronomi 19:15, 18, 19) Uori nechiokomuhomwe zvakanga zvisingabvumirwiwo zvachose. (Eksodho 23:8; Dheuteronomi 27:25) Kunyange panyaya dzekutengeserana, vanhu vaMwari vaifanira kutsigira mitemo yaJehovha yakakwirira yekuita zvakarurama. (Revhitiko 19:35, 36; Dheuteronomi 23:19, 20) Bumbiro reMutemo iroro rakarurama uye remhando yepamusoro, raiva chikomborero chikuru kuvaIsraeri!

13, 14. Mutemo waitsigira sei kuti munhu anenge aba neabirwa wacho vatongwe zvakarurama?

¹³ Bumbiro iri raingova mitemo yezvekuita nezvekusaita isina basa nekuti vanhu vanonzwa sei here? Kana! Mambo Dhavhidhi achifemerwa akanyora kuti: “Mutemo waJehovha wakakwana.” (Pisarema 19:7) Ainyatsoziva kuti Mutemo waikurudzira vanhu kuratidza tsitsi uye kubata vanhu zvakaenzana. Waiita sei izvozvo?

¹⁴ Mazuva ano munyika dzakawanda mutemo unenge unotonyanya kurerutsira vapari vemhosva kupfuura vanenge vatadzirwa vacho. Mbavha dzinogona kupedza makore dziri mujeri apa munhu abirwa wacho asina chaawana achitofanirawo kubhadhara mutero unowanisa munhu wacho ari kupika jeri pekugara nezvekudya. MuIsraeri makanga musina majeri  seatinoziva mazuva ano. Paiva nemiganhu yakasimba yakanga yakaiswa pazvirango zvaipiwa vanhu maererano nekutadza kwavanenge vaita. (Dheuteronomi 25:1-3) Mbavha yaifanira kuripa munhu wayainge yabira. Yaifanira kuzowedzerawo pane zvainenge yaripa. Zvakawanda sei? Zvaisiyana-siyana. Kunenge kuti vatongi vakanga vakapiwa rusununguko rwekuongorora zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakadai sekuti mutadzi wacho ari kupfidza zvakadini. Ndosaka tichiona muripo wainzi mbavha iripe pana Revhitiko 6:1-7 wakaderera zvikuru kupfuura uri pana Eksodho 22:7.

15. Mutemo waibatsira sei vatongi kuti varatidze tsitsi uye vatonge zvakarurama kana paine auraya mumwe munhu netsaona?

¹⁵ Netsitsi dzake Mwari aibvuma muMutemo kuti hazvisi zvivi zvese zvinoitwa nemaune. Mumwe mutemo wakadaro ndewepaiurayiwa munhu netsaona; nyakuuraya akanga asingatongerwe rufu kana akatora matanho ekutizira kune rimwe remaguta ekupotera aiwanika munyika yese yeIsraeri. Kana aonekwa kuti haakodzere kutongerwa rufu, aifanira kugara muguta iroro kusvikira mupristi mukuru afa. Ndipo paaizokwanisa kugara chero kwaanenge ada. Saka aibatsirwa netsitsi dzaMwari. Mutemo iwoyo waidzidzisawo kukosha kweupenyu hwemunhu.—Numeri 15:30, 31; 35:12-25.

16. Mutemo waichengetedza sei kodzero dzevanhu?

¹⁶ Mutemo waichengetedza kodzero dzevanhu. Funga kuchengetedzwa kwaiitwa kodzero yemunhu aiva nechikwereti. Mutemo wairambidza munhu anenge aenda kunoreva chikwereti kupinda mumba memunhu wechikwereti kuti atore ega chibatiso. Aifanira kumira panze ovigirwa nemunhu wechikwereti chinhu chacho chekufanobata. Izvi zvaiita kuti musha wemunhu usafumuka. Kana akatora chekufanobata chiri chipfeko chemunhu, aifanira kuchidzora kusati kwasviba, nekuti pamwe ndicho chaifugwa nemunhu wacho usiku.—Dheuteronomi 24:10-14.

17, 18. Panyaya dzehondo, vaIsraeri vakanga vakasiyana sei nedzimwe nyika, uye nei zvakanga zvakadaro?

¹⁷ Kunyange hondo yakanga isingangoitwi zvachero muMutemo. Vanhu vaMwari vakanga vasingangoenderi kuhondo kuti varatidze kuti vane simba rakadini kana kuti vangokunda,  asi vairwa sevamiririri vaMwari vachirwa “Hondo dzaJehovha.” (Numeri 21:14) Kakawanda vaIsraeri vaitanga vaudza muvengi kana achida kukanda mapfumo pasi ova nerugare navo. Kana guta racho raramba zvavaitaura, vaibva varikomba, asi vachitevedzera mitemo yaMwari. Varume vechiIsraeri vairambidzwa kubata vakadzi chibharo kana kungouraya vanhu pavadira, sezvagara zvichiitwa nemasoja akawanda. Vaifanira kuremekedza kunyange zviwanikwa zvemunharaunda yacho, vasingatemi miti yemichero. d Mauto edzimwe nyika akanga asina mitemo yakadaro.—Dheuteronomi 20:10-15, 19, 20; 21:10-13.

¹⁸ Zvinombokuvhundutsa here paunonzwa kuti kune dzimwe nyika vana vadiki chaivo vanopinzwa muchiuto? Munyika yeIsraeri hapana murume ari pasi pemakore 20 aipinzwa muchiuto. (Numeri 1:2, 3) Kunyange akura wacho aibvumirwa kusara hake kumba kana achitya zvakanyanya. Murume achangoroora aibvumirwa kusaenda kuhondo kwegore rese kuitira kuti akwanise kusiya mwana anozopfuudzira zita rake kana zvikaitika kuti afira muhondo. Mutemo waitsanangura kuti izvi zvaiitirwa kuti murume uyu wechidiki agare pamba “achifadza mudzimai wake.”—Dheuteronomi 20:5, 6, 8; 24:5.

19. Mutemo waidzivirira sei mhuri, vakadzi, vana, chirikadzi nenherera?

¹⁹ Mutemo waidzivirira uye waichengetedzawo vakadzi, vana, nemhuri. Wairayira vabereki kugara vachiziva zviri kuitika kuvana vavo, vachivadzidzisa nezvaJehovha. (Dheuteronomi 6:6, 7) Wairambidza bonde pakati pevanhu veukama, uchipa chirango cherufu kana zvikaitika. (Revhitiko, chitsauko 18) Wairambidzawo upombwe, uhwo hunowanzoparadza mhuri huchisiya vamwe vasisina pekutangira, vava kunyara, uye vabviswa chimiro. Mutemo waichengetedza chirikadzi nenherera uye wairatidza kuti Mwari airanga zvakasimba vanhu vaivabata zvisina kunaka.—Eksodho 20:14; 22:22-24.

20, 21. (a) Nei Mutemo waMozisi waibvumira vaIsraeri kuita barika? (b) Panyaya yekurambana, nei Mutemo waMozisi wainge wakasiyana nezvakazotaurwa naJesu?

 ²⁰ Tichiri panyaya iyoyo, vamwe vanogona kubvunza kuti, ‘Nei Mutemo waibvumira barika?’ (Dheuteronomi 21:15-17) Tinofanira kufunga nezvemitemo yakadaro maererano nenguva yacho. Vanhu vanofananidza Mutemo waMozisi nemitemo netsika zvemazuva ano vanogona kutadza kuunzwisisa. (Zvirevo 18:13) Mutemo waJehovha, wakanga watogadzwa kare muEdheni, waitaura kuti kuroorana mubatanidzwa pakati pemurume mumwe chete nemudzimai mumwe chete, uye vaifanira kuramba vari vese nekusingaperi. (Genesisi 2:18, 20-24) Asi pakazopiwa Mutemo, tsika dzakadai sebarika dzakanga dzatodzika midzi kwemazana emakore. Jehovha ainyatsoziva kuti vanhu vake “vakaoma musoro” vaizogara vachityora mitemo inokosha, yakadai seunorambidza kunamata zvidhori. (Eksodho 32:9) Saka akaona kusiri kuchenjera kusarudza kuchinja tsika dzese dzekuroorana panguva iyoyo. Asi yeuka kuti Jehovha haasi iye akatanga barika. Akatoshandisa Mutemo waMozisi kuti adzivirire vakadzi kuti vasabatwa zvakaipa.

²¹ Saka Mutemo waMozisi waibvumira murume kuramba mudzimai nezvikonzero zvakakura zvakati wandei. (Dheuteronomi 24:1-4) Jesu akati Mwari akazvibvumira “nekuda kwekuoma kwemwoyo” yevaJudha. Asi kwakanga kusiri kubvumira kwekuti zvaizongoramba zvakadaro. Jesu akazoratidza kuti vateveri vake vaifanira kuteerera mutemo waJehovha wewanano wepakutanga.—Mateu 19:8.

22. Mutemo waMozisi waikurudzira sei kuratidza rudo?

²² Ungafungidzira bumbiro remutemo remazuva ano rinokurudzira vanhu kuratidza rudo here? Mutemo waMozisi waikurudzira kuratidza rudo kupfuura zvimwe zvinhu zvese. Funga kuti mubhuku raDheuteronomi chete, shoko rekuti “rudo” rinowanika kanopfuura ka20. Murayiro wekuti, “Ida muvakidzani wako sezvaunozviita,” ndiwo waiva wechipiri pakukosha muMutemo wese. (Revhitiko 19:18; Mateu 22:37-40)  Vanhu vaMwari vakanga vasingafaniri kungogumira pakuratidzana rudo ivo pachavo, asi vaifanirawo kuratidza rudo rwakadaro kuvatorwa vaiva pakati pavo, vachiyeuka kuti naivowo vaimbova vatorwa. Vaifanira kuratidza rudo kuvarombo nevaitambura, vachivabatsira pane zvavaishayiwa, vasingavadzvinyiriri. Mutemo waitovaudza kuti vabate zvakanaka zvipfuwo zvavo zvavaishandisa, vasingazviitiri utsinye.—Eksodho 23:6; Revhitiko 19:14, 33, 34; Dheuteronomi 22:4, 10; 24:17, 18.

23. Munyori wepisarema rechi119 ainzwa sei paaidzidza mutemo waMwari, uye isu tinofanira kuva nechido chekuita sei?

²³ Hapana rumwe rudzi rwakambokomborerwa nebumbiro remutemo rakadaro. Regai munyori wepisarema akazoti: “Ndinoda chaizvo mutemo wenyu!” Asi hakusi kuti aingouda mumwoyo make chete. Kuuda ikoko kwaiita kuti aedze kurarama achiutevedzera. Akaenderera mberi achiti: “Ndinoswera ndichiufungisisa.” (Pisarema 119:11, 97) Aigara achidzidza mutemo waJehovha. Zviri pachena kuti paaiita izvozvo, kuda kwaaiuita kwairamba kuchiwedzera. Kuda kwaaiita Mupi Wemutemo, Jehovha Mwari, kwaibva kwawedzerawo. Paunoramba uchidzidza mutemo waMwari, newewo ucharamba uchiswedera pedyo naJehovha, Mupi Wemutemo Mukuru uye Mutongi akarurama.