Mmene Moyo wa Mose Umakukhudzirani

ANTHU anthu ambiri ophunzira komanso anthu ofufuza zolakwika, amaona Mose ngati munthu wa m’nthano zakale basi. Amatsutsa zimene Baibulo limanena zokhudza iyeyu, ponena kuti zilibe umboni wokwanira. Komano titati tiyendere umboni wangati umene iwoŵa amafuna, ndiye kuti ngakhale anthu akale otchuka monga Plato ndi Socrates tinganene kuti anali a m’nthano chabe.

Komabe monga taonera, palibe chifukwa chomveka chotsutsira nkhani za m’Baibulo zonena za Mose. M’malo mwake, kwa anthu achikhulupiriro, pali umboni wochuluka zedi wakuti Baibulo lonse ndi “mawu a Mulungu.” * (1 Atesalonika 2:13; Ahebri  11:1) Kwa anthu otere, kuphunzira za moyo wa Mose n’kofunika osati pofuna kudziŵa zinthu chabe, komano n’kothandiza kwambiri kulimbitsa chikhulupiriro.

Mose Weniweni

Anthu opanga mafilimu nthaŵi zambiri m’mafilimu awo Mose amamuonetsa kuti ndi munthu waulemerero ndiponso wolimba mtima, ndipotu makhalidwe ameneŵa ndi amene anthu oonerera mafilimu amakonda. Inde, Mose anali munthu wolimba mtima. (Eksodo 2:16-19) Koma khalidwe lofunika kwambiri la Mose linali chikhulupiriro chake. Mose, sankakayika ngakhale pang’ono zakuti Mulungu ndi weniweni moti mpaka m’tsogolo mwake Paulo anadzanena kuti Mose ‘anapirira molimbika, monga ngati kuona wosaonekayo.’—Ahebri 11:24-28.

Motero Mose amatiphunzitsa kufunika koyesetsa kuti Mulungu akhale mnzathu. Tsiku lililonse, nafenso tingathe kumachita zinthu ngati kuti tikuona Mulungu! Tikamatero, sitingachite zinthu zomuipira. Onaninso kuti chikhulupiriro cha Mose anachipeza adakali mwana wamng’ono. Chikhulupiriro chake chinazika mizu kwambiri mwakuti chinakhalapobe ngakhale ataphunzira “nzeru zonse za Aaigupto.” (Machitidwe 7:22) Zimenezi ziyenera kulimbikitsa makolo kuyamba kuphunzitsa ana awo za Mulungu akadali makanda!—Miyambo 22:6; 2 Timoteo 3:15.

Khalidwe labwino linanso la Mose ndilo kufatsa kapena kuti kudzichepetsa kwake. Iye anali munthu “wofatsa woposa anthu onse a pa dziko lapansi.” (Numeri 12:3) Motero, Mose ankavomereza zolakwa zake mosavuta. Analemba za mphwayi zake pozengereza kumuchita mdulidwe mwana wake wamwamuna. (Eksodo 4:24-26) Analongosola zakuti panthaŵi ina analephera kupereka ulemerero kwa Mulungu ndiponso za chilango chake chachikulu chimene Mulungu anam’patsa. (Numeri 20:2-12; Deuteronomo 1:37) Chinanso, Mose ankalolera kumvera maganizo a anthu ena. (Eksodo 18:13-24) Kodi amuna okwatira, atate, ndiponso amuna ena amaudindo sangachite bwino potsanzira Mose?

N’zoona kuti anthu ena ofufuza zolakwika, amakana zoti Mose anali munthu wodzichepetsadi potchula zinthu zina zachiwawa zimene anachitapo. (Eksodo 32:26-28) Jonathan Kirsch, yemwe amalemba nkhani anati: “Mose amene amafotokozedwa m’Baibulo si wodzichepetsa nthaŵi zambiri ndipo si wofatsa ngakhale pang’ono, ndipo sitinganene kuti zochita zake zija nthaŵi zonse zinali zolungama. Nthaŵi zina zinthu zikaipa, . . . Mose amasanduka munthu wodzikuza, wokonda kupha anthu, ndiponso wankhanza.” Kuganiza motere n’kusamvetsa nkhani yonseyo bwinobwino. N’kusaganizira mfundo yakuti Mose ankachita zimenezi osati chifukwa cha nkhanza, koma chifukwa chokonda kwambiri chilungamo, ndiponso kusalolera zoipa. Masiku ano, amene kuchita zoipa kumaonedwa ngati kutsogola, Mose amatikumbutsa kuti tisamalolere makhalidwe alionse oipa.—Salmo 97:10.

Zolembalemba Zimene Mose Anatisiyira

Mose anatisiyira zolembalemba zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Zina mwa izo ndi ndakatulo (Yobu, Salmo 90), mbiri yakale (Genesis, Eksodo, Numeri), mizere ya mibadwo ya anthu (Genesis, chaputala 5, 11, 19, 22, 25) ndiponso malamulo abwino ochuluka kwambiri otchedwa Chilamulo cha Mose (Eksodo, chaputala 20 mpaka 40; Levitiko; Numeri; Deuteronomo). Chilamulo chochokera kwa Mulungu chimenechi chinali ndi malamulo ndiponso mfundo zoyendetsera dziko zimene zinali zotsogola kwambiri.

M’mayiko amene mtsogoleri wake amatsogoleranso chipembedzo, nthaŵi zambiri boma limapondereza zipembedzo zina ndiponso anthu ena onse. Chilamulo cha Mose chinali ndi mfundo yolekanitsa chipembedzo ndi boma. Mfumu sinali kuloledwa kuchita ntchito ya ansembe.—2 Mbiri 26:16-18.

Chilamulo cha Mose chinalinso ndi mfundo zokhudza ukhondo ndi kuchepetsa matenda, monga zomatenga anthu odwala n’kuwaika kwaokha ndiponso zomakwirira zonyansa zochoka m’thupi mwa munthu ndipotu mfundozi n’zogwirizana ndi sayansi yamakono. (Levitiko 13:1-59; 14:38, 46; Deuteronomo 23:13) Izitu n’zodabwitsa kwambiri poganizira kuti, m’nthaŵi ya Mose, njira zambiri za Aaigupto zochizira matenda zinali zachabechabe ndiponso zoyendera zikhulupiriro zabodza. Masiku ano, m’mayiko osauka anthu ambiri angathe kupeŵa matenda ndiponso imfa ngati atamatsata njira zaukhondo zimene Mose analongosola.

Akristu salamulidwa kuti azitsatira Chilamulo  cha Mose. (Akolose 2:13, 14) Komabe kudziŵa bwino chilamulo chimenechi n’kopindulitsa ngakhale panopo. Chilamulochi chinkalimbikitsa Aisrayeli kuti ayenera kulambira Mulungu yekha basi ndi kupeŵa mafano. (Eksodo 20:4; Deuteronomo 5:9) Chinkalamula ana kuti azilemekeza makolo awo. (Eksodo 20:12) Chilamulo chinkaletsanso kupha, chigololo, kuba, kunama, ndi kusirira. (Eksodo 20:13-17) Akristu masiku ano, amaona kuti mfundo za makhalidwe abwino zimenezi n’zofunikira kwambiri.

Mneneri Wangati Mose

Tikukhala m’nthaŵi zosautsa. Ndithu, anthu akufunikira mtsogoleri wangati Mose; mtsogoleri amene ali ndi mphamvu zotha kuchita zinthu, kulamulira anthu, komanso wakhalidwe labwino, wolimba mtima, wachifundo, ndiponso wokondadi chilungamo ndi mtima wake wonse. Mose atamwalira, Aisrayeli ayenera kuti ankadzifunsa kuti, ‘Kodi padziko pano padzapezekanso munthu wina wangati ameneyu?’ Mose mwini anali atayankha kale funso limeneli.

Zimene Mose analemba zimafotokoza mmene matenda ndi imfa zinabwerera komanso chifukwa chimene Mulungu analolera kuti zoipa zipitirire.  (Genesis 3:1-19; Yobu chaputala 1, 2) Pa Genesis 3:15, pali ulosi woyambirira wa Mulungu ndipo umalonjeza kuti zoipa zidzathetsedwa! Kodi zidzathetsedwa motani? Ulosiwo unasonyeza kuti kudzabadwa munthu amene adzadzetse chipulumutso. Lonjezo limeneli ndilo linayambitsa chiyembekezo chakuti kudzabwera Mesiya ndipo adzapulumutsa anthu. Koma kodi ndani adzakhale Mesiyayo? Mose anatithandiza kum’dziŵa mosakayikira.

Kutatsala nthaŵi yochepa kuti afe, Mose ananena mawu olosera akuti: “Yehova Mulungu wanu adzakuukitsirani mneneri wa pakati panu, wa abale anu, wonga ine; muzimvera iye.” (Deuteronomo 18:15) M’tsogolo mwake mtumwi Petro ananena mawu ameneŵa polongosola za Yesu.—Machitidwe 3:20-26.

Akatswri ambiri achiyuda otsata nkhani zoterezi amatsutsa kwambiri zakuti lembali limayerekezera Mose ndi Yesu. Iwo amati mawu a mlembali angagwirizane ndi mneneri aliyense woona amene anakhalapo Mose atafa. Komabe malingana ndi Baibulo lotchedwa Tanakh—The Holy Scriptures lofalitsidwa ndi bungwe lachiyuda lofalitsa mabuku lotchedwa Jewish Publication Society, lemba la Deuteronomo 34:10 limati: “Sipanakhalekonso mneneri wina ku Israyeli wangati Mose, amene AMBUYE anam’sankha, pamasom’pamaso.”—Deuteronomo 34:10.

Inde, Mose atamwalira kunabwera aneneri ambiri okhulupirika, monga Yesaya ndi Yeremiya. Koma palibe amene anagwirizanako ndi Mulungu ngati Mose, moti n’kumachita kulankhulana naye “pamasom’pamaso.” Motero lonjezo la Mose lakuti kudzabwera ‘mneneri wangati iyeyo’ silimanena za munthu wina ayi, koma Mesiya basi! N’zochititsa chidwi kuti umu ndi mmene anthu ophunzira achiyuda ankaonera nkhaniyi Chikristu chisanayambe ndiponso Akristu asanayambe kuzunzidwa ndi Akristu onyenga. Mfundo zoyandikira ku mfundo imeneyi zimapezeka mu mabuku angapo achiyuda, monga m’buku la Midrash Rabbah, limene limafotokoza kuti Mose ndiye anatsogola pokonzekera kubwera kwa “Momboli wam’tsogolo,” kapena kuti Mesiya.

Palibe angatsutse zakuti Yesu anali ngati Mose m’njira zambiri. (Onani bokosi lakuti “Yesu Anali Mneneri Wangati Mose.”) Yesu anali ndi mphamvu zotha kuchita zinthu ndiponso anali ndi ulamuliro. (Mateyu 28:19) Yesu ndi munthu “wofatsa ndi wodzichepetsa mtima.” (Mateyu 11:29) Yesu amadana ndi kuchita zoipa ndiponso kusoŵa chilungamo. (Ahebri 1:9) Motero Yesu angathe kukwanitsa utsogoleri wangati umene tikuufuna kwambiriwu! Ndi iyeyo amene posachedwapa adzathetse zoipa zonse ndi kukonza dzikoli kuti likhale ngati Paradaiso amene amatchulidwa m’Baibulo. *

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 28]

Mfundo Zoona Ndiponso Zabodza Zokhudza Mose

Mafilimu osonyeza nkhani ya Mose ali ndi mfundo zabodza ndiponso zolakwika zosiyanasiyana. Zina mwa izo ndi izi:

Zabodza: Mose sankadziŵa kuti anali Myuda.

Zoona Zake: Mose analeredwa ndi amayi ake achiyuda, kwa zaka zingapo ndithu. Lemba la Machitidwe 7:23-25 limasonyeza kuti Mose ankaona Ayuda ngati “abale ake.”

Zabodza: Mose anali pamzere wodzaloŵa ufumu wa Aigupto.

Zoona Zake: Baibulo silinenapo zoterezi ayi. Buku lakuti Daily Bible Illustration, lolembedwa ndi John Kitto, linati palibe mfundo iliyonse yosonyeza kuti Mose “atatengedwa m’nyumba ya Farao anakhala pamzera wodzaloŵa ufumuwo. . . . Sizikuoneka kuti panalibe amuna okwanira kuloŵa ufumuwu.”

Zabodza: Mose anabwerera ku Aigupto kuti akathane ndi mdani wake.

Zoona Zake: Baibulo limati pamene Mose ankabwerera ku Aigupto n’kuti adani ake onse atafa.—Eksodo 4:19.

Zabodza: Nthaŵi yoyamba imene Mulungu ananena Malamulo Khumi inali pamene Mose anatsika kuchokera m’Phiri la Sinai.

Zoona Zake: Malamulo Khumi ananenedwa ndi Mulungu, kudzera mwa mngelo wake, kwa mtundu wonse wa Israyeli. Kenaka, Aisrayeliwo anachita mantha n’kupempha Mose kuti akawalankhulire kwa Mulungu.—Eksodo 19:20–20:19; 24:12-14; Machitidwe 7:53; Ahebri 12:18, 19.

Zabodza: Farao anapulumuka gulu lake lankhondo litamira m’Nyanja Yofiira.

Zoona Zake: “Farao ndi khamu lake “ anafera m’Nyanja Yofiira.—Eksodo 14:28; Salmo 136:15.

[Bokosi patsamba 29]

Yesu Anali Mneneri Wangati Mose

Yesu anali ngati Mose m’njira zina izi:

▲ Mose ndiponso Yesu ali makanda anapulumuka pamene atsogoleri a panthaŵi yawo analamula kuti makanda onse aamuna aphedwe.—Eksodo 1:22; 2:1-10; Mateyu 2:13-18.

▲ Mose anaitanidwa kuchoka ku Aigupto pamodzi ndi mtundu wa Israyeli womwe unali ‘mwana woyamba’ wa Yehova. Yesu anaitanidwa kuchoka ku Aigupto monga mwana woyamba wa Mulungu.—Eksodo 4:22, 23; Hoseya 11:1; Mateyu 2:15, 19-21.

▲ Mose ndiponso Yesu anasala kudya kwa masiku 40 ali m’chipululu.—Eksodo 34:28; Mateyu 4:1, 2.

▲ Mose ndiponso Yesu anali ofatsa komanso odzichepetsa kwambiri.—Numeri 12:3; Mateyu 11:28-30.

▲ Mose ndiponso Yesu ankachita zozizwitsa.—Eksodo 14:21-31; Salmo 78:12-54; Mateyu 11:5; Marko 5:38-43; Luka 7:11-15, 18-23.

▲ Mose ndiponso Yesu anali amkhalapakati a mapangano a pakati pa Mulungu ndi anthu ake.—Eksodo 24:3-8; 1 Timoteo 2:5, 6; Ahebri 8:10-13; 12:24.

[Zithunzi patsamba 26]

Yesu yekha ndiye analidi mneneri wangati Mose

[Chithunzi patsamba 28]

Mfundo zaukhondo zimene zinali mu Chilamulo cha Mose zingathandize popeŵa matenda