Kodi Anthu Ofuna Kusintha Zinthu Angakwanitse Kutero?

KATANGALE, malamulo ongokomera anthu enaake, kusoŵa chilungamo, zipatala zosalongosoka, kuloŵa pansi kwa maphunziro, kubera anthu ndalama kudzera m’zipembedzo, komanso kuwononga chilengedwe ndi nkhani zimene ambirife timakhumudwa nazo kwambiri. Nkhani zimenezi n’zimenenso zimachititsa anthu kufuna kusintha zinthu.

Anthu ofuna kusintha zinthu amapezeka pafupifupi kwina kulikonse padziko pano ndipo amalimbikitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe mwadongosolo komanso motsatira malamulo. Nthaŵi zambiri sakhala anthu osokoneza mtendere kapena ofuna kulanda boma, chifukwa chakuti ambiri amatsatira malamulo ndipo amapeŵa zachiwawa. Alipo ena okhala ndi maudindo aakulu ndithu ndipo iwoŵa ndiwo amayambitsa zofuna kusintha zinthu. Ena amanyengerera kapena kulimbikitsa anthu olamulira kuti achitepo kanthu.

Ofuna kusintha zinthu amafuna kuwatsegula anthu m’maso pankhani zosiyanasiyana. Si kuti amangotsutsa ayi, koma amatchula njira zimene zingakonze zinthu kuti ziyende bwino. Pofuna kudziŵitsa anthu nkhani zimene zikuwadetsa nkhaŵa, ofuna kusintha zinthu amatha kupempha anthu onse kuti achitepo kanthu pa nkhanizo, amachita zionetsero m’misewu, kapena amafalitsa nkhanizo. Chinthu chimodzi chopweteka kwambiri kwa anthu ofuna kusintha zinthu ndicho kunyalanyazidwa ndi anthu.

Mbiri ya Anthu Ofuna Kusintha Zinthu

Kale lonseli zinthu zambiri zakhala zikusinthidwa. Baibulo limatiuza kuti zaka 2,000 zapitazo, munthu wina, yemwe anali kulankhula pagulu anayamikira Felike, amene anali  bwanamkubwa wa chigawo cha Aroma chotchedwa Yudeya. Munthuyo anati: “Utsogoleri wanu wanzeru wabweretsa kusintha m’dziko lino.” (Machitidwe 24:2, Chipangano Chatsopano Mu Chichewa Cha Lero) Zaka 500 Felike asanabadwe, Solon yemwe anali mkulu wokonza malamulo wa ku Greece anayesetsa kwambiri kusintha zinthu pothandiza anthu osauka. Buku la The Encyclopædia Britannica linati Solon “anathetsa umphaŵi womwe unkasautsa kwambiri anthu,” mumzinda wakale wa Athens.

Anthu ambiri akhala akusintha zinthu m’zipembedzo m’mbuyo monsemu. Mwachitsanzo, Martin Luther anayesa kusintha Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika, ndipo zimenezi n’zomwe zinachititsa kuti pabuke matchalitchi ochoka m’chikatolika.

Kuchuluka kwa Zinthu Zimene Amafuna Kusintha

Anthu ofuna kusintha zinthu amayesanso kusintha ngakhale zinthu zozoloŵereka. Ena amalimbikitsa anthu kuti ayambe moyo wina. Zoterezi n’zomwe gulu lotchedwa Lebensreform (kusintha moyo wathu) linachita kumayambiriro kwa m’ma 1900 ku Germany. Dziko linatukuka kwambiri moti zinachititsa anthu ambiri kuyamba kusaumva kukoma moyo wawo. Ofuna kusintha zinthu anayamba kulimbikitsa anthu kuti abwerere ku moyo wawo wachikale. Ankawalimbikitsa kumachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, zinthu zochitira panja popita mphepo, kusamwa mankhwala ena aliwonse kupatulapo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe monga mphepo, madzi ndi kuunika kwa dzuŵa ndiponso kusadya nyama.

Anthu ena ofuna kusintha zinthu amaulula zachinyengo zimene zikuchitika ndipo amakakamiza boma kuti likonze zinthu. Kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa m’ma 1970, magulu ofuna kuteteza chilengedwe akhala akuchita zionetsero pofuna kuletsa kuwononga ndiponso kuloŵa pansi kwa zachilengedwe. Ena mwa magulu ameneŵa panopo anasanduka magulu a padziko lonse. Anthuŵa si kuti amangochita zionetsero zoletsa kuwononga chilengedwe ayi. Amaperekanso malangizo a mmene tingachepetsere vutoli. Athandiza kusintha malamulo okhudza zinthu monga, kutaya mankhwala oopsa m’nyanja zikuluzikulu ndiponso kupha nyama zotchedwa nangumi zopezeka m’nyanja zikuluzikulu.

M’ma 1960, kagulu kotchedwa Second Vatican Council kanayamba kusintha Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika. M’ma 1990 anthu enanso anafuna kusintha zinthu m’tchalitchichi. Mwachitsanzo anafuna kusintha zoti ansembe asamakwatire. Anthu ofuna kusintha zinthu m’tchalitchi cha Angilikani anachititsa kuti akazi ayambe kudzozedwa kukhala ansembe.

Si Onse Amasangalala Nazo

Pali kusintha kwina kumene kunathandizadi kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, m’Baibulo muli zitsanzo zambiri za atsogoleri a mitundu ya anthu komanso anthu ena amene anakonza zinthu kwambiri. Ntchito yawoyo inachititsa kuti zinthu zauzimu ziyambe kuyenda bwino, moyo ukhale wabwino, ndiponso kuti Mulungu asangalale nawo. (2 Mafumu 22:3-20; 2 Mbiri 33:14-17 Nehemiya chaputala 8 ndi 9) Posachedwapa, timagulu ta anthu osauka ndiponso ozunzidwa ndi boma tatetezedwa kwambiri chifukwa chakuti masiku ano ufulu wa munthu aliyense, ufulu wa nzika iliyonse ndiponso ufulu wachibadwidwe akuugogomezera kwambiri.

Komabe osintha zinthu, nthaŵi zambiri, zimene asinthazo zimathanso kuwatembenukira. John W. Gardner, yemwe anali ndi udindo waukulu m’boma chisanafike chaka cha 2000, anati: “Chinthu chimodzi chovuta kumvetsa mukayang’ana zochitika zam’mbuyomu n’chakuti nthaŵi zambiri anthu ofuna kusintha zinthu akhala akulephera kuona bwinobwino kuti kusinthako kubala zotani.” Taganizirani zitsanzo zina izi pankhaniyi.

Kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa m’ma 1980, bungwe la European Community linayamba kusintha kalimidwe n’cholinga choteteza nthaka m’madera omera udzu ndi opanda chonde. Malamulo atsopano a zaulimi anasintha malo okwana mahekitala 300,000 olimapo ku Germany ndi ku Italy kusanduka malo ongomerapo udzu basi. Ngakhale kuti cholinga chawo chinali chabwino panali mavuto ena amene sankaganiza kuti angabuke. Bungwe la United Nations Environment Programme linati: “Ngakhale kuti poyamba zinkaoneka kuti iyi ndi njira yabwino yosungira maloŵa, ‘kusunga malo’ motere kumathanso kusokoneza zinthu chifukwa kumasiyitsa anthu njira zawo zakalimidwe n’kuwayambitsa njira zolakwika zaulimi wa mitengo.”

 Pankhani ya zoyesa kuthandiza osauka, bungwe la International Fund for Agricultural Development linati: “Ntchito zonse zoyesa kusintha malamulo a dziko pofuna kuthandiza anthu osauka zimakumana ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Nthaŵi zambiri mabungwe amene amapangidwa n’cholinga chotere amakhazikitsidwa ndiponso kuyendetsedwa mokomera anthu amaudindo akuluakulu. . . . Akuluakulu ameneŵa nthaŵi zambiri amayendetsa mabungweŵa m’njira yongokomera iwowo.”

Chitsanzo china ndicho gulu loteteza ufulu wa akazi, lomwe linasintha moyo wa akazi m’mayiko a azungu pomenyera ufulu wawo wovota pachisankho ndiponso mwayi woti azitha kuchita maphunziro apamwamba ndi kupeza ntchito zabwino. Koma izo zili apo, ngakhale ena a m’gulu lomenyera ufulu wa akaziwu amavomereza kuti zimenezi zawonjezera mavuto ena pamwamba pa kuthetsa enawo. Wolemba nkhani wina Susan Van Scoyoc anafunsa kuti: “Kodi powapatsa akazi ntchito zofanana ndi za amuna koma popanda kuwachepetsera ntchito yawo kunyumba tingati tawathandizadi akaziŵa kukhala moyo wabwino kapena tangouipitsiratu moyo wawo?”

Kusintha Kosathandiza

Anthu ena ofuna kusintha zinthu akuti amangofuna kusintha popanda cholinga chenicheni. Polongosola za kusintha kumene anati n’kosathandiza, Frederick Hess, amene anafufuza bwino nkhani ya kusintha kayendetsedwe ka masukulu anati: “Ntchito zongofuna kusintha china chilichonsecho siziphula kanthu chifukwa kutero si kusintha kwabwino ayi. M’malo mothetsa mavuto, ntchito zoterezi zimangokopa anthu koma kwenikweni ndizo zimachulukitsa” mavuto amene zimayenera kuthetsawo. Iye anapitiriza kuti: “Popeza kuti boma lililonse likayamba kulamulira limafuna kusintha zinthu zina, kayendetsedwe ka zinthu kamafunikanso kusintha pakangopita zaka zochepa chabe.”

Ntchito zosintha zinthu, mapeto ake zimathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito m’njira ina, mwinanso yoipa kumene. Ku Germany gulu la Lebensreform lija linathandiza kutulukira maphunziro okonza mtundu wa anthu posankha makolo amene angabereke ana amphamvu. Komano anthu otengeka kwambiri maganizo anagwiritsira ntchito nzeru zimenezi m’njira yolakwika, poikira kumbuyo chipani cha Nazi chomwe chimafuna kukhazikitsa mtundu umodzi wa anthu woposa mitundu ina yonse.

Ngakhale anthu amene kusintha amakukonda kwambiri, nthaŵi zina amakhumudwa ndi zotsatira zake. Mlembi Wamkulu wa bungwe la United Nations, Kofi Annan anadandaula kuti: “Chokhumudwitsa kwambiri n’chakuti tonsefe timadziŵa pamene pakulakwika ndi mmene tingapakonzere, koma nthaŵi zambiri sitichitapo kanthu ayi. Nthaŵi zina ifeyo timapanga bungwe lotsogozedwa ndi mlembi wamkulu kuti lichitepo kanthu pa vuto linalake, koma ndalama zothandizira kuti ntchitoyi ichitike sizipezeka. Nthaŵi zina, padziko pano pakamachitika zinthu zochititsa nthumanzi ndipo ifeyo tikalengeza padziko lonse pofuna kuti anthu akhudzidwe mitima  ndi nkhani zoterezi, palibe amene amafuna kuchitapo kanthu chifukwa cha zinthu zimene zinawakhumudwitsapo m’mbuyomo.”

Anthu ofuna kusintha zinthu sangayembekezere kusangalatsa anthu ambiri chifukwa chakuti zimene amachita podziŵitsa anthu zolinga zawo, zimasokoneza moyo wa ena. Jürgen Reulecke, yemwe ndi pulofesa wa mbiri ya makono ndiponso katswiri pa nkhani ya anthu ofuna kusintha zinthu ananena mawu amene analembedwa m’nyuzipepala ya Die Zeit akuti: “Anthu ofuna kusintha zinthu akhala akuvutitsa kwambiri.” Komanso ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri ofuna kusintha zinthu amatero mogwirizana ndi lamulo ndiponso amapeŵa chiwawa, ena amalephera kuugwira mtima akaona kuti zinthu sizikusintha mwamsanga. Zikatero, gulu lofuna kusintha zinthu limatha kubala zigaŵenga zochita zinthu zoswa lamulo.

 Kodi kusintha kumene kwafala masiku anoku kwathandiza anthu ambiri kusangalala ndi moyo wawo? Zikuoneka kuti sikunatero ayi. Mwachitsanzo ku Germany, atafunsa anthu pofuna kungodziŵa maganizo awo, anapeza kuti kwa zaka pafupifupi 35 m’mbuyomu, anthu sanaone kuti zinthu zasinthako pa moyo wawo. Nanga bwanji zachipembedzo? Kodi kusintha kwa zachipembedzo kwabweretsa anthu ambiri m’zipembedzomo? Kodi anthu ayamba kusangalala nazo kwambiri zipembedzo? Ayi ndithu, ndipotu umboni wake n’ngwakuti m’mayiko a azungu anthu ayamba kusiyiratu kupembedza ndipo ayamba kusakonda zipembedzo zotchuka.

Kodi Yesu Anali Munthu Wofuna Kusintha Zinthu?

Anthu ena anganene kuti Yesu Kristu anali munthu wofuna kusintha zinthu. Kodi n’zoona? Aliyense amene amafuna kukhala mtumiki woona wa Mulungu ayenera kumvetsa nkhani imeneyi, chifukwa chakuti utumiki wotero umafuna kuti munthu azitsata kwambiri mapazi a Kristu.—1 Petro 2:21.

N’zachidziŵikire kuti Yesu akanatha kusintha zinthu. Poti anali munthu wangwiro, akanatha kutsogolera ntchito yosintha zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndiponso kuyambitsa njira zambiri zatsopano zochitira zinthu. Koma Kristu sanayambitse ntchito yochotsa m’dzikoli akuluakulu onse achinyengo ndiponso a zamalonda osaona mtima. Sanatsogolere anthu kuchita zionetsero m’misewu polimbana ndi kusoŵa chilungamo, ngakhale kuti Yesu weniweniyo anadzaphedwa chifukwa cha kusoŵa chilungamo kochita kuonekera poyerayera. Nthaŵi zina Yesu ankachita kusoŵa “potsamira mutu wake.” Komabe iye sanayambitse kagulu kokakamiza boma kuti lichitepo kanthu pothandiza anthu opanda nyumba. Anthu ena atadandaula pa nkhani ya zachuma iye anati ‘nthaŵi zonse mudzakhala nawo aumphaŵi.’ Yesu sanaloŵerere m’nkhondo zadziko.—Mateyu 8:20; 20:28; 26:11; Luka 12:13, 14; Yohane 6:14, 15; 18:36.

N’zoonadi, si kuti Kristu sanakhudzidwe mtima ndi mavuto monga umphaŵi, ziphuphu, ndiponso kupanda chilungamo. Kwenikweni Baibulo limasonyeza kuti ankagwidwa chifundo kwambiri ndi moyo wathu womvetsa chisoniwu. (Marko 1:40, 41; 6:33, 34; 8:1, 2; Luka 7:13) Koma ananena kuti adzathetsa mavutoŵa m’njira yapadera kwambiri. Njira imene Kristu anali kunena si inali njira yongosintha zinthu zochepa chabe ayi, koma kusinthiratu ulamuliro wonse wa anthu. Kusintha kotere kudzachitika ndi Ufumu wakumwamba womwe udzakhazikitsidwe ndi Mlengi wa anthu, Yehova Mulungu, ndipo Mfumu yake adzakhala Yesu Kristu. Zimenezi tizilongosola m’nkhani yotsatirayi.

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 6]

“Chinthu chimodzi chovuta kumvetsa mukayang’ana zochitika za m’mbuyomu n’chakuti nthaŵi zambiri anthu ofuna kusintha zinthu akhala akulephera kuona bwinobwino kuti kusinthako kubala zotani.” Anatero John W. Gardner

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 7]

“Chokhumudwitsa kwambiri n’chakuti tonsefe timadziŵa pamene pakulakwika ndi mmene tingapakonzere, koma nthaŵi zambiri sitichitapo kanthu ayi. Anatero mlembi wamkulu wa bungwe la United Nations, Kofi Annan

[Bokosi/Zithunzi pamasamba 8, 9]

“Ndinaika Moyo Wanga Pachiswe Kuti Nditeteze Chilengedwe”

Hans anagwira ntchito panyanja kwa zaka 48, ndipo kwa zaka 35 anali mkulu woyendetsa sitima yaikulu ya pamadzi. Chakumapeto kwa ntchito yakeyi, iye anali mkulu woyendetsa sitima yaikulu ya gulu linalake la zachilengedwe. Iye analongosola kuti:

“Ineyo ndimakhulupirira kuti anthu ayenera kulemekeza chilengedwe. Moti nditapatsidwa mwayi wokhala mkulu woyendetsa sitima ya gulu la zachilengedwe ndinavomera mwamsanga. Ntchito yathu inali yodziŵitsa anthu za zinthu zowononga chilengedwe. Tikangokonza zochita zionetsero zotere panyanja, tinkadziŵitsa atolankhani a ma TV, manyuzipepala ndi mawailesi kuti tikope anthu ambiri. Tinkapita panyanja ndipo tinkaletsa zomatayamo zinyalala za nyukiliya ndiponso zinthu zina za poizoni. Panthaŵi ina, tinkayesa kuletsa anthu kupha nyama zinazake zam’nyanja zotchedwa silu komanso ana ake.

“Ntchito imeneyi inali yofuna anthu olimba mtima. Ndinaika moyo wanga pachiswe kuti nditeteze chilengedwe. Pachionetsero china chotere, ndinadzimangirira ku nangula wa sitima moti nangulayo anandimiza mpaka kukafika pansi penipeni pa nyanjayo. Nthaŵi ina, tinali mu boti la injini lopangidwa ndi labala ndipo botilo linkayenda motsata sitima ina yaikulu. Munthu wina anatiponyera chimgolo cholemera m’botimo, moti linatembunuka. Ineyo ndinavulala kwambiri.”

Hans anadzazindikira patsogolo pake kuti inde, cholinga cha gululo chinali chabwino, komano iyeyo ankayika moyo wake pachiswe popanda kuphulapo kanthu kalikonse pantchito yoteteza chilengedweyo. (Mlaliki 1:9) Iyeyu anachoka m’gululo ndipo pasanapite nthaŵi yaitali, anayamba kuphunzira Baibulo ndi Mboni za Yehova ndipo kenaka anadzabatizidwa. Panopo ndi mtumiki wa nthaŵi zonse. Iye anati: “Baibulo linandithandiza kuzindikira kuti Ufumu wa Mulungu wa Umesiya ndiwo tingaudaliredi kuti udzasamalira bwino chilengedwechi.”

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 9]

Analimbana ndi Boma Pofuna Kusintha Zinthu

Sara (si dzina lake lenileni) anabadwira ku Asia cha m’ma 1965. Iye anali ndi zaka zosakwana 20 pamene ndale za m’dziko lawo zinasintha ndipo boma latsopano linayamba kulamulira dzikolo n’kulonjeza kuti zinthu zisintha pa zandale ndi za kakhalidwe ka anthu. Poyamba anthu a m’dzikomo anasangalala ndi kusinthako, koma pa chaka chimodzi chokha, boma latsopanolo linayamba kuzunza anthu olitsutsa, monga mmene linkachitira boma lakale. Anthu ambiri anakhumudwa nazo ndipo Sara analoŵa gulu lotsutsa boma latsopanolo. Iye analongosola kuti:

“Gulu lathu lotsutsa boma linkachita misonkhano ndipo tinkachita zionetsero. Asilikali anandimanga ndili m’kati momata ndiponso kugaŵira anthu zikalata zotsutsa boma mu misewu ya mzinda womwe uli likulu la dzikoli. Kenaka anadzandimasula. Koma anzanga ena a m’gululi sizinawayendere bwino ayi. Atsikana anzanga aŵiri atawamanga anakaphedwa. Zinayamba kukayikitsa kuti ndipulumuka, motero bambo anga anandilangiza kuti ndichoke m’dzikolo.”

Atapita ku Ulaya, Sara anayamba kuphunzira Baibulo ndipo anabatizidwa n’kukhala wa Mboni za Yehova. Panopo ndi mtumiki wa nthaŵi zonse. Akaganizira za m’mbuyo Sara amati:

“Munthune ndinkafuna kuti pakhale chilungamo ndiponso kuti papezeke njira yothetsera mavuto athu. Poyamba, boma latsopano la m’dziko lathu linkaoneka kuti linali ndi zolinga zomwezi koma kenaka linatayirira kwambiri mwakuti linaiwalako zonsezi n’kuyamba kuvutitsa anthu ake. Ndinazindikiranso kuti gulu limene ndinaloŵali silikanathetsa mavuto onse a m’dziko lathu. (Salmo 146:3, 4) Panopo ndazindikira kuti Ufumu wa Mulungu wa Umesiya ndiwo udzathetse mavuto athu anthufe.”

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Khoma la ku Berlin analigumula mu 1989

[Chithunzi patsamba 8]

Kodi kusintha kwa zachipembedzo kwakopera anthu ambiri m’zipembedzomo?

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 5]

Top right: U.S. Information Agency photo

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Kofi Annan: UN/DPI photo by Evan Schneider (Feb97); background: WHO/OXFAM