Vanhu Vanochinja Zvinhu Vane Mhinduro Here?

MIITIRO yebhizimisi yokubirira, kushandiswa kwemitemo kwakarerekera kudivi rimwe chete, kusaruramisira munzanga, kutarisira utano kusina kutsarukana, zvikoro zvisingadzidzisi zvakatsarukana, kukorovhera vanhu mari dzavo muzita rechitendero, uye kuparadza zvakatipoteredza—izvi zvinhu zvinosiya vakawanda vedu vachigomera nokuora mwoyo. Izvi ndizvowo zvinhu zvinokurudzira vanochinja zvinhu kuti vaite chiito.

Vanochinja zvinhu vanowanika kunenge kwose kune vanhu, kwavanokurudzira kuchinja zvinhu nenzira yakarongeka, yepamutemo. Kakawanda, havasi vapanduki kana vasimudziri vezvimurenga, sezvo vanochinja zvinhu vakawanda vachitevedzera mutemo uye vasingashandisi chisimba. Vanhu vanochinja zvinhu vashomanana vane zvinzvimbo zvakakurumbira munzanga uye ndivo vanotanga kuti pave nokuchinja. Vamwe vanoedza uye vanokurudzira vaya vanenge vachitonga kuti vaite chimwe chinhu.

Vanochinja zvinhu vanoedza kuita kuti vanhu vafungezve nzira dzavo dzokugadzirisa zvinetso. Havangotsutsumwi chete; vane mazano okuti zvinhu zvingavandudzwa sei. Kuti zvavanenge vachida zvifungwe nezvazvo, vanochinja zvinhu vangakumbira voruzhinji, kuratidzira mumigwagwa, kana kutsvaka kuti vazivikanwe mune zvinobudisa nhau. Kana vanhu vakasava nebasa nomunhu anochinja zvinhu izvi ndezvimwe zvingakanganisa basa rake zvikuru.

Vanhu Vakambochinja Zvinhu Kare

Kubvira kare kwave kune vanhu vakachinja zvinhu. Bhaibheri rinotiudza kuti makore 2 000 akapfuura, mumwe aikurukura paruzhinji akarumbidza Ferikisi, mumiririri weruwa rweRoma rweJudhiya, nemashoko aya anoti: “Zvinhu zviri kuchinja nemhaka yokunyatsofunga kwenyu.” (Mabasa 24:2) Anenge makore 500 Ferikisi asati avapo, mudziki wemitemo wechiGiriki Solon akaita kuti zvinhu zvichinjwe  zvichibatsira varombo kuti vave nani. Solon “akapedza urombo hwakaipisisa” muAtene yekare, inotsanangura kudaro The Encyclopædia Britannica.

Nhoroondo yekare yechitendero izere nevaichinja zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, Martin Luther akaedza kuchinja Chechi yeRoma Katurike, uye zvaakaita zvakabatsira kuti pave nechiPurotesitendi.

Makuriro Akaita Kuda Kuchinja Zvinhu

Vanochinja zvinhu vangaedzawo kuchinja zvinhu zvisingakoshi nezvisina basa. Vamwe vanochinja zvinhu vangasimudzira mararamiro akasiyana zvachose. Ndozvakanga zvakaita sangano reLebensreform (kuchinja mararamiro) rokuGermany pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Nokuwedzera kwemaindasitiri munzanga, vanhu vakawanda vakafunga kuti upenyu hwakanga hwongoita semichina uye zvichiita kuti vanhu vaonekwe sevasina basa. Vanochinja zvinhu vakasimudzira dzidziso yokuti vanhu vadzokere kumararamiro ekare. Vakasimudzira kurovedza muviri, kuita mabasa epanze, kushandisa mishonga yomusango, uye kudya miriwo.

Vamwe vanochinja zvinhu vanobudisa pachena kusaruramisira vomanikidza hurumende kuti igadzirise zvinhu. Kubvira pakutanga kwema1970, mapoka anobishaira kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza akatsutsumwa pamusoro pokushandiswa zvisina kukodzera uye kuparara kwezvakatipoteredza. Mamwe emapoka aya atosvika pakuva masangano anowanikwa munyika yose. Vanhu vacho vanobishaira havangoratidziri nokutsutsumwa chete pamusoro penjodzi yezvakatipoteredza. Vanopawo mazano kuti zvinhu zvingagadziriswa sei. Pazvimwe zvinhu zvavakaita vakabatsira kuti mitemo, yokuraswa kwemarara ane chepfu mugungwa uye yokuvhimwa kwemawhale ichinjwe.

Muma1960, sangano rinonzi Second Vatican Council rakatanga kuchinja zvinhu muChechi yeRoma Katurike. Muma1990 maivawo nevanhu vaizochinja zvinhu pavanhuwo zvavo veChechi yeKaturike. Somuenzaniso, vakati nyaya yokusaroora ichinjwe. Vanhu vanochinja zvinhu muChurch of England vakamanikidza kuti vakadzi vagadzwe kuva vapristi.

Havafarirwi Nevanhu Vose

Zvimwe zvirongwa zvokuchinja zvinhu zvakabatsira zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, muBhaibheri tinowana mienzaniso yakawanda yevatungamiriri venyika nevamwe vakatsigira kuchinja zvinhu kwakanaka. Kushanda zvakaoma kwakadaro kwakagadzirisa manamatiro, magariro evanhu uye kufarirwa naMwari. (2 Madzimambo 22:3-20; 2 Makoronike 33:14-17; Nehemia, zvitsauko 8, ne9) Munguva ichangopfuura, vanhu vakawedzera kusimbisa kuti vanhu vose vawane rusununguko, vave nekodzero dzevagari vomunyika, uye kodzero dzevanhu, kwakabatsira mune zvakawanda kuchengetedza nokudzivirira varombo vashoma nevanhu vaitambudzwa.

Zvisinei, kuchinja zvinhu, kana kwangotangwa, kunowanzounza migumisiro isingatarisirwi. Mumwe mukuru mukuru wehurumende, John W. Gardner, akati: “Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa chaizvo zvinoitika ndechokuti vanhu vanochinja zvinhu kazhinji vanokundikana kuona migumisiro yokuchinja kwavo zvinhu.” Funga nezvemimwe mienzaniso.

Kutanga kumavambo kwema1980, kuchinja zvokurima kwainzi kunofanira kubatsira nzvimbo dzinokura uswa uye nzvimbo dzakati sandara dzisingakuri chinhu kwakatangwa neEuropean Community. Mitemo mitsva yokurima yakaita kuti mahekita anopfuura 300 000 enzvimbo inorimika muGermany neItaly angosiyiwa akadaro kuti ave nzvimbo inokura uswa. Kunyange zvazvo vaiva nevavariro dzakanaka, paiva nenjodzi dzavasina kufanoona. “Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga zvakagamuchirwa somukana wokuvandudza nzvimbo dzakadaro,” yakadaro United Nations Environment Programme, “matanho ‘okumbosiya dzimwe nzvimbo’ anogonawo kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa—zvichiita kuti vanhu varege marimiro avo ekare votanga nzira dzisina kukodzera dzokutarisira masango kana kuti kudyara miti.”

Pamusoro pokushanda zvakaoma kuti ribatsire varombo, sangano reInternational Fund for Agricultural Development rakati: “Kuedza kubatsira varombo kwose kunoitwa pachishandiswa masangano okuchinja zvinhu kunotarisana nechinetso  chakakomba. Masangano anowanzotangwa uye kutarisirwa kuti afadze vanhu vane simba. . . . ‘Vanhu vane zvinzvimbo’ vanotungamirira masangano omunzvimbo dzavanogara kuti zvinhu zvivanakire.”

Mumwe muenzaniso ndewesangano revakadzi, rakachinja upenyu hwevakadzi munyika dzokuMadokero nokuita kuti vawane kodzero dzokuvhota nemikana yakawanda yokuwana dzidzo yepamusoro nemabasa. Asi kunyange vamwe vanotsigira rusununguko rwevakadzi vanobvuma kuti masangano evakadzi akagadzirisa zvimwe zvinetso asi achitowedzera zvimwe. Mumwe munyori anonzi SusanVan Scoyoc akabvunza kuti: “Pane chatakanatsa here pamararamiro evakadzi kana kuti, nokutarisira vakadzi kuti vave vakaenzana nevarume kumabasa pasina kugadzirisawo zvimwe zvomuupenyu hwavo, hatina here kutoita kuti vakadzi vararame munhamo?”

Masangano Okuchinja Zvinhu Asina Simba

Vamwe vanochinja zvinhu vakapomerwa kuti vanoda kuchinja zvinhu kuti zvingochinjawo hazvo. Achirondedzera aakati masangano okuchinja zvinhu asina simba, Frederick Hess, uyo akaongorora masangano anoda kuti dzidzo ichinjwe, akati: “Chinetso chemigumisiro yakaipisisa yokuedza kuchinja zvinhu zvakanyanya chinotangira pakuchinja zvinhu kwacho chaiko. Pane kugadzirisa zvinetso, kuedza kuchinja zvinhu uku kwava kutobudisa zvinhu mugwara izvo zvatowedzera” zvinetso zvacho zvakwaifanira kugadzirisa. Anoenderera mberi achiti: “Nokuti utungamiriri humwe nohumwe hunotanga nzira itsva dzokuchinja zvinhu, muitiro wacho wose unotangazve pashure pemakore mashomanana.”

Masangano anochinja zvinhu anogona kuzoguma ava kusimudzira chinangwa chakasiyana, dzimwe nguva chinokuvadza. Sangano reLebensreform rokuGermany rakabatsira kutanga dzidziso yokuvandudza vanhu, dzidzo yokunatsiridza dzinza revanhu nokusarudza vabereki vanozobereka vana vakasimba. Zvisinei, vanhu vane maonero okunyanyisa mune zvemagariro evanhu, vakashandisa uzivi uhwu zvisiri izvo, kuti vatsigire Huremende yeGutsaruzhinji mukutamburira kwavo kuumba dzinza riri nani kupfuura mamwe.

Kunyange vatsigiri vakasimba vemasangano anochinja zvinhu pane dzimwe nguva vanoodzwa mwoyo nemigumisiro yacho. Munyori Mukuru weSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose (UN), Kofi Annan akachema-chema achiti: “Ndinofunga kuti chinhu chinonyanya kurwadza ndechokuti tose tinoziva kuti chii chisiri kufamba zvakanaka uye chinofanira kuitwa, asi kazhinji hapana chatinogona kuita. Dzimwe nguva rimwe boka revanyori rinotungamirirwa nomunyori mukuru uyu rinopiwa basa rokugadzirisa zvimwe zvinhu, asi zvinhu zvokushandisa zvinodiwa kuti zvinenge zvasarudzwa zvacho zviitwe panenge pasina. Pane dzimwe nguva, zvinhu zvisingadaviriki zviri kuitika uye tinoda kuita kuti vanhu vazive, hapana munhu anoda kugadzirisa zvinhu nemhaka yezvakaipa zvakamboitika kare.”

 Vanochinja zvinhu havagoni kutarisira kuwana mukurumbira, nokuti pavanoita kuti vanhu vafunge nezvezvinangwa zvavo, vanoita kuti upenyu huomere vamwe. “Munhu anoda kuchinja zvinhu agara ari munzwa munyama,” akadaro Jürgen Reulecke, mumwe purofesa wenhoroondo dzemazuva ano uye nyanzvi inoongorora vanochinja zvinhu uyo ane mashoko ari mupepanhau rinonzi Die Zeit. Uyezve, kunyange zvazvo vanochinja zvinhu vakawanda vasingaputsi mutemo uye vasingaiti zvechisimba, vamwe vanotadza kushivirira kana zvinhu zvisingakurumidzi kufamba. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro sangano rinochinja zvinhu rinogona kuita kuti pave nevanhu vanoita zvechisimba vanotyora mitemo.

Kuchinja zvinhu kuri kuitwa kwose kwose kwakatanga makore achangopfuura kwakaita kuti vanhuwo zvavo vawedzere kugutsikana  noupenyu here? Hazviratidzi sokudaro. Somuenzaniso, muGermany, vanhu vakabvunzwa zvavaifunga vanoratidza kuti kwemakore anenge 35 apfuura, kusagutsikana noupenyu kwevanhu hakuna kumbochinja zvachose. Zvakadini nezvechitendero? Masangano ezvitendero okuchinja zvinhu akakwezva vanamati vakawanda here? Vanamati vave kugutsikana nechitendero here? Kwete, sezvinoratidzwa nechokwadi chokuti nyika dzokuMadokero dziri kungoramba dzichiratidza kuti hadzidi zvechitendero uye vanhu vari kukwezvwa nechitendero chagara chiripo vari kungoramba vachiita vashoma.

Jesu Kristu Aiva Munhu Anochinja Zvinhu Here?

Vamwe vangati Jesu Kristu aiva munhu aichinja zvinhu. Ichocho ichokwadi here? Mubvunzo uyu unokosha kumunhu wose anoda kuva mushumiri wechokwadi waMwari, sezvo izvozvo zvichida kuti munhu anyatsotevera tsoka dzaKristu.—1 Petro 2:21.

Hapana mubvunzo kuti Jesu aikwanisa kuchinja zvinhu. Sezvo aiva munhu akakwana, aigona kutungamirira pakutanga zvinhu zvitsva achichinja zvinhu zvakawanda achitanga zvitsva. Asi, Kristu haana kutanga kutsvaka kutsigirwa kuti abvise vatungamiriri venyika vaiva nouori kana vanamuzvinabhizimisi vakanga vasina kuvimbika. Haana kutungamirira mukuratidzira mumigwagwa achitsutsumwa pamusoro pokusaruramisira, kunyange zvazvo iye pachake aizobatwa nokusaruramisira kukuru asi asina mhaka. Dzimwe nguva, Jesu akanga asina “pokuisa musoro wake.” Kunyange zvakadaro, haana kutanga boka rokuchinja zvinhu kuti aratidze kuti pane vakanga vasina misha yokugara. Vamwe pavakaratidza kuti vainetseka nemari, akatsanangura kuti, “varombo munogara munavo.” Jesu akaramba asina kwaakarerekera muhondo dzenyika.—Mateu 8:20; 20:28; 26:11; Ruka 12:13, 14; Johani 6:14, 15; 18:36.

Zvechokwadi, zvinetso zvakadai sourombo, uori, uye kusaruramisira zvakavhiringidzawo Kristu mupfungwa. Kutaura zvazviri, Bhaibheri rinoratidza kuti Jesu akarwadziwa kwazvo nemamiriro ezvinhu evanhu aisiririsa. (Mako 1:40, 41; 6:33, 34; 8:1, 2; Ruka 7:13) Asi aiva neimwewo nzira yokugadzirisa zvinhu. Kristu akanga asiri kufunga nezvokungochinja zvinhu zvishoma, asi kunyatsochinja zvinhu zvose panzira yokutungamirirwa kwevanhu. Kuchinja uku kuchatanga kuitwa nehurumende yokudenga yakatangwa noMusiki wevanhu, Jehovha Mwari, uye inotungamirirwa naJesu Kristu saMambo. Izvi zvichakurukurwa munyaya inotevera.

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 6]

“Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa chaizvo zvinoitika ndechokuti vanhu vanochinja zvinhu kazhinji vanokundikana kuona migumisiro yokuchinja kwavo zvinhu.”—John W. Gardner

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 7]

“Ndinofunga kuti chinhu chinonyanya kurwadza ndechokuti tose tinoziva kuti chii chisiri kufamba zvakanaka uye chinofanira kuitwa, asi kazhinji hapana chatinogona kuita.”—Munyori Mukuru weUN Kofi Annan

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 8, 9]

“Ndakazviisa Mungozi Kuti Ndichengetedze Zvakatipoteredza”

Hans aifamba nechikepe kwemakore 48, pana iwaya anodarika 35 ari kaputeni wechikepe. Basa rake rava kunopera, akashanda sakaputeni wechikepe chaishandiswa nerimwe sangano rinotarisira zvakatipoteredza. Anotsanangura kuti:

“Ndakangogara ndichifunga kuti vanhu vanofanira kuremekedza zvakatipoteredza uye kubata zvakasikwa norukudzo. Saka pandakapiwa mukana wokuva kaputeni wechikepe cheboka rinotarisira zvakatipoteredza, ndakabva ndangobvuma. Basa redu rakanga riri rokubudisa pachena zvinhu zvaiisa zvakatipoteredza pangozi. Pataingoronga kuratidzira tiri mugungwa, taiita kuti vabudisi venhau vabatane nesu kuitira kuti voruzhinji vazvizive. Taienda kugungwa tonoita chimwe chinhu kuti timise kuraswa kwemarara ane mwaranzi nezvinhu zvine chepfu. Pane kumwe kuratidzira, takaedza kumisa kuurayiwa kwemhuka dzinonzi masiri nevana vadzo.

“Iri rakanga risiri basa rembwende. Ndakazviisa mungozi kuti ndichengetedze zvakatipoteredza. Pane kumwe kutsutsumwa, ndakazvisungirira pachinhu chinomisa chikepe ndikaguma ndava kuzvuzvurudzwa kuenda pasi pegungwa nacho. Pane imwe nguva, ndakanga ndiri muchikepe chiduku chinomhanya ndichifamba ndiri pedyo nechikepe chikuru. Mumwe munhu akadonhedzera dhiramu rairema muchikepe chedu, zvokuti chakapidiguka. Ndakakuvara zvakaipa zvikuru.”

Hans akazoziva kuti kunyange zvazvo zvinangwa zvesangano racho zvakanga zvakanaka, akanga achizviisa mungozi pasina mukana wakanaka wakakura wokuchinja zvinhu zvakatipoteredza. (Muparidzi 1:9) Nguva pfupi asiyana neboka rezvinhu zvakatipoteredza, akadzidza Bhaibheri neZvapupu zvaJehovha ndokuva Chapupu chakabhabhatidzwa. Nhasi ava mushumiri wenguva yakazara. “Bhaibheri rakandibatsira kuziva kuti tariro yechokwadi bedzi yokutarisira zvakanaka zvinhu zvakatiporedza ndeyoUmambo hwaMwari hunotongwa naMesiya.”

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 9]

Akarwira Kuchinja Zvinhu

Sara (harisi zita rake chairo) akaberekerwa muAsia pakati pema1960. Akanga achiri kuyaruka apo hondo yechimurenga munyika yake yakaita kuti pauye hurumende itsva, ichipikira kuchinja magariro evanhu nezvematongerwo enyika. Pakutanga, vagari vomunyika yake vakanga vachifara nokuchinja kwacho, asi gore risati rapera hurumende itsva yakatanga kutambudza vaipesana nayo, sezvakanga zvaitwa nehurumende yakanga yapfuura. Izvi zvakavhiringidza vanhu vazhinji, uye Sara akapinda muchirongwa chakaitwa chokupikisa hurumende itsva. Anotsanangura kuti:

“Boka redu raipikisa raiita misangano uye taitsutsumwa paruzhinji. Ndakanga ndiri mumugwagwa weguta guru ndichinamira mapepa nokupa vanhu mamwe mapepa pandakasungwa nemapurisa ehurumende. Vakazondirega ndichienda. Vamwe vaiva muboka redu hazvina kuvafambira zvakanaka. Shamwari dzangu mbiri dzechisikana dzakasungwa ndokuurayiwa. Upenyu hwangu hwakanga hwava mungozi, naizvozvo baba vangu vakandikurudzira kuti ndibude munyika.”

Paakangosvika muEurope, Sara akadzidza Bhaibheri ndokubhabhatidzwa somumwe weZvapupu zvaJehovha. Nhasi iye mushumiri wenguva yakazara. Achitarira shure, Sara anoti:

“Ndaishuva kuwana kururamisira uye kugadziriswa kwezvinetso zvedu zvomunzanga. Ndakaona kuti hurumende itsva munyika yedu yakanga yatanga iine zvinangwa zvimwe chete izvi asi yakazonyanyisa zvokuti yakazoguma isingachaoni zvinangwa izvi ndokutanga kudzvinyirira vanhu. Ndakazozivawo kuti mapoka okutsutsumwa andaishanda nawo akanga asina mhinduro dzezvinetso zvenyika yedu. (Pisarema 146:3, 4) Zvino ndava kuziva kuti nzira yokugadzirisa nayo zvinetso zvevanhu zvose Umambo hwaMwari hunotongwa naMesiya.”

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]

Berlin Wall yakawa muna 1989

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 8]

Masangano ezvitendero okuchinja zvinhu akakwezva vanamati vakawanda here?

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 5]

Kumusoro nechokurudyi: U.S. Information Agency photo

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]

Kofi Annan: UN/DPI photo by Evan Schneider (Feb97); background: WHO/OXFAM