ChiKristu Chinopararira pavaJudha Vomuzana Remakore Rokutanga

MUSANGANO unokosha wakaitwa muJerusarema munenge muna 49 C.E. “Vaya vainzi ndivo mbiru” dzeungano yechiKristu yomuzana remakore rokutanga—Johani, Petro, naJakobho munun’una waJesu nokuna amai—vaivapo. Vamwe vaviri vanonzi vakapinda musangano wacho vaiva muapostora Pauro neshamwari yake Bhanabhasi. Vakakurukura kuti ndima huru yebasa rokuparidza yaizokamurwa sei. Pauro akatsanangura kuti: “Vakabatana neni naBhanabhasi nemaoko okurudyi zvichiratidza kugoverana pamwe chete, kuti isu tiende kune mamwe marudzi, asi ivo kune vakadzingiswa.”—VaGaratiya 2:1, 9. *

Tinofanira kunzwisisa sei chibvumirano ichi? Ndima yaifanira kuparidzwa mashoko akanaka yaifanira kukamurwa here kuti rimwe divi rive revaJudha nevatendeuki uye rimwe reVemamwe Marudzi? Kana kuti chibvumirano chacho chaiva kukamurwa kwenzvimbo yacho chaiyoiyo here? Kuti tiwane mhinduro inonzwisisika, tinofanira kuva nemashoko ezvakaitika kare kuvaJudha vakanga vasingagari muParestina.

VaJudha Muzana Remakore Rokutanga

VaJudha vangani vakanga vasingagari muParestina muzana remakore rokutanga? Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoita sedzinobvumirana nebhuku rinonzi Atlas of the Jewish World, kuti: “Zvakaoma kuziva nhamba dzacho chaidzo, asi zvave zvichifungidzirwa kuti nguva pfupi gore ra70 C.E. risati rasvika, muJudhiya maiva nevaJudha vanosvika mamiriyoni maviri nehafu uye vanodarika mamiriyoni mana vakanga vari muumambo hweRoma. . . . Zvingangova kuti vaJudha vaiva zvikamu zvinenge gumi kubva muzana vose vaiva muumambo hwacho, uye munzvimbo dzavaiva vakanyanya kuwanda, mumaguta emaruwa okumabvazuva, vaigona kunge vakanga vari chikamu chimwe muzvina kana kupfuura chevaigara munzvimbo idzi.”

Vainyanya kuwanikwa muSiriya, Asia Minor, Bhabhironi, neIjipiti, kuMabvazuva, vari vashoma kuEurope. VaKristu vechiJudha vekare vanozivikanwa zvikuru vaigara kunze kweIsraeri, vakadai saBhanabhasi wokuKupro, Prisira naAkwira vokuPontasi nokuRoma, Aporo wokuArekizandriya, uye Pauro weTaso.—Mabasa 4:36; 18:2, 24; 22:3.

VaJudha vakanga vasiri muIsraeri vaiva nenzira dzakawanda dzokukurukurirana nenyika yokumusha kwavo. Imwe nzira yacho yaiva mutero wepagore wavaitumira kutemberi muJerusarema, iyo yaiva nzira yokubatanidzwawo mune zvinhu zvaiva nechokuita netemberi nokunamata. Nezveizvi, nyanzvi inonzi John Barclay inoti: “Pane uchapupu hwakanaka hwokuti kuunganidzwa kwemari iyi kwaiwedzerwa neimwe mari yezvipo yaibva kuvapfumi, kwainyatsotarisirwa nevaJudha vakanga vasiri muIsraeri.”

Imwe nzira yaiva makumi ezviuru zvevanhu vaienda gore negore kunzvimbo tsvene kumitambo muJerusarema. Nhoroondo iri pana Mabasa  2:9-11 inotaura nezvePendekosti ya33 C.E. inoratidza izvi. VaJudha vaienda kunzvimbo tsvene vaibva kuPatiya, Medhiya, Eramu, Mesopotamiya, Kapadhokiya, Pontasi, Ezhiya, Frijiya, Pamfiriya, Ijipiti, Ribhiya, Roma, Krete neArabhiya.

Vaitarisira temberi muJerusarema vaikurukurirana nevaJudha vaiva vasiri muIsraeri vachiita zvokunyorerana. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Gamarieri, mudzidzisi womutemo anotaurwa pana Mabasa 5:34, aitumira tsamba kuBhabhironi uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika. Muapostora Pauro paakasvika ari musungwa muRoma munenge muna 59 C.E., “varume vakuru vevaJudha” vakamuudza kuti “hatina kugamuchira tsamba dzakabva kuJudhiya dzine chokuita newe, uyewo hapana kana mumwe wehama asvika atiudza kana kuti ataura chinhu chakaipa pamusoro pako.” Izvi zvinoratidza kuti tsamba nemishumo zvaigara zvichitumirwa kuRoma zvichibva kunyika yokumusha.—Mabasa 28:17, 21.

Bhaibheri revaJudha vakanga vasiri muIsraeri raiva shanduro yechiGiriki yeMagwaro echiHebheru inozivikanwa seSeptuagint. Rimwe bhuku rinoti: “Zvine musoro kugumisa kuti shanduro [yeSeptuagint] yeLXX ndiyo yaiverengwa nokugamuchirwa nevaJudha vaiva vasiri muIsraeri seBhaibheri rechiJudha kana kuti ‘Magwaro Matsvene.’” Shanduro iyoyo yakashandiswa zvikuru nevaKristu vekare pakudzidzisa kwavo.

Nhengo dzedare rinodzora rechiKristu muJerusarema dzaiziva mamiriro ezvinhu aya. Mashoko akanaka akanga atosvika kuvaJudha vaiva muSiriya uye mune dzimwewo nzvimbo, kusanganisira muDhamasiko neAndiyoki. (Mabasa 9:19, 20; 11:19; 15:23, 41; VaGaratiya 1:21) Pamusangano muna 49 C.E., zviri pachena kuti vaivapo vakanga vachironga basa romunguva yemberi. Ngationei ndima dzeBhaibheri dzinotaura nezvokuwedzera pakati pevaJudha nevatendeuki.

Nzendo dzaPauro uye vaJudha Vakanga Vasiri muIsraeri

Basa rokutanga romuapostora Pauro raiva rokuti “aende nezita [raJesu Kristu] kune mamwe marudzi nokumadzimambo nevanakomana vaIsraeri.” * (Mabasa 9:15) Musangano wokuJerusarema wapera, Pauro akaramba achisvika kuvaJudha vakanga vasiri muIsraeri kwose kwaaienda. (Ona bhokisi riri papeji 14.) Izvi zvinoratidza kuti chibvumirano chendima zvimwe chakazova chenzvimbo chaiyoiyo. Pauro naBhanabhasi vakawedzera basa ravo roumishinari vachienda kumavirira, uye vamwe vakashumira munyika yeJudha uye mumisha mikuru yevaJudha yokuMabvazuva.

Pauro neshamwari dzake pavakatangira rwendo rwavo rwechipiri rwoumishinari kuAndiyoki muSiriya, vakatungamirirwa nechokumavirira vachipfuura nokuAsia Minor kusvika kuTroasi. Vachibva ikoko vakayambukira Makedhoniya nokuti vakazogumisa kuti ‘Mwari akanga avashevedza kuti vazivise mashoko akanaka kuvanhu veMakedhoniya.’ Gare gare, ungano dzechiKristu dzakatangwa mune mamwe maguta eEurope, kusanganisira Atene neKorinde.—Mabasa 15:40, 41; 16:6-10; 17:1–18:18.

Munenge muna 56 C.E., rwendo rwake rwechitatu rwoumishinari rwava kupera, Pauro akaronga kutoenda kure nechokumavirira ndokuwedzera ndima yaakanga apiwa pamusangano wokuJerusarema. Akanyora kuti: “Ndinoda kwazvo kuzivisawo mashoko akanaka kwamuri kuRoma ikoko,” uye “ndichapfuura nokwamuri ndichienda kuSpeini.” (VaRoma 1:15; 15:24, 28) Asi zvakadini nemisha mikuru yevaJudha vakanga vasiri muIsraeri kuMabvazuva?

Misha yevaJudha kuMabvazuva

Muzana remakore rokutanga C.E., Ijipiti ndiyo yaiva nevaJudha vakawanda chaizvo, kunyanya muguta rayo guru, Arekizandriya. Uyu muzinda wezvokutengeserana netsika waiva nemazana ezviuru zvevaJudha, uine masinagogi akanga akangopararira neguta racho rose. Philo, mumwe muJudha wokuArekizandriya  akataura kuti muIjipiti yose, maiva nevanenge vaJudha miriyoni imwe chete panguva iyoyo. VaJudha vakawanda vaigarawo munyika iri pedyo yeRibhiya, muguta reKurini nomunzvimbo dzakapoteredza.

Vamwe vaJudha vakazova vaKristu vaibva munzvimbo idzi. Tinoverenga nezva“Aporo, wokuArekizandriya,” “varume vokuKupro nevokuKurini,” uye “Rusiyasi wokuKurini,” vaitsigira ungano yokuAndiyoki yeSiriya. (Mabasa 2:10; 11:19, 20; 13:1; 18:24) Kunze kwendima idzi, Bhaibheri haritauri nezvebasa revaKristu vekare muIjipiti nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza, kunze kwokupupurira mukuru mukuru weItiopiya kwakaitwa naFiripi, muevhangeri wechiKristu.—Mabasa 8:26-39.

Bhabhironi, zvaraipinda muPatiya, Medhiya, neEramu, raivawo mumwe muzinda mukuru. Mumwe munyori wenhau dzakaitika anoti “ndima dzose mumapani eTigirisi neYufratesi, kubva kuArmenia kusvika kugungwa rePersia, uyewo kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kusvika kuGungwa reCaspian, uye kumabvazuva kusvika kuMedhiya, kwaiva nevaJudha.” Encyclopaedia Judaica inofungidzira kuti vaiva 800 000 kana kudarika. Munyori wenhau dzakaitika wechiJudha Josephus anotiudza kuti makumi ezviuru zvevaJudha vokuBhabhironi vaienda kuJerusarema kumitambo yaiitwa pagore.

Vamwe vevakabva kuBhabhironi vakabhabhatidzwa paPendekosti ya33 C.E. here? Hatizivi, asi pakati peavo vakanzwa muapostora Petro musi iwoyo paiva nevaya vakabva kuMesopotamiya. (Mabasa 2:9) Tinoziva kuti muapostora Petro aiva muBhabhironi munenge muna 62-64 C.E. Ari ikoko, akanyora tsamba yake yokutanga uyewo zvichida neyechipiri. (1 Petro 5:13) Zviri pachena kuti Bhabhironi nevaJudha varo vakawanda rainzi chikamu chendima yakapiwa Petro, Johani, naJakobho pamusangano wakataurwa nezvawo mutsamba yakanyorerwa vaGaratiya.

Ungano yeJerusarema uye vaJudha Vakanga Vasiri muIsraeri

Jakobho, aivapowo pamusangano wakataurwa nezvendima, aishumira somutariri muungano yeJerusarema. (Mabasa 12:12, 17; 15:13; VaGaratiya 1:18, 19) Aiva chapupu chakaona  zvakaitika paPendekosti ya33 C.E., zviuru zvevaJudha vakanga vashanya pazvakagamuchira mashoko akanaka ndokubhabhatidzwa.—Mabasa 1:14; 2:1, 41.

Panguva iyoyo uye pashure pacho vaJudha vanosvika makumi ezviuru vaiuya kumitambo yaiitwa gore negore. Guta racho rakava nevanhu vakawandisa, uye vaeni vaifanira kugara mumisha yaiva pedyo kana kuti mumatende. Kunze kwokusangana neshamwari dzavo, Encyclopaedia Judaica inotsanangura kuti vanhu vacho vakapinda mutemberi kunonamata, kunopa zvibayiro, uye kunodzidza Tora.

Hapana mubvunzo kuti Jakobho nedzimwe nhengo dzeungano yeJerusarema vakashandisa mikana iyi kupupurira vaJudha vakanga vasiri muIsraeri. Zvichida vaapostora vakaita izvozvo nokungwarira zvikuru panguva apo “kutambudzwa kukuru kwakamuka paungano yaiva muJerusarema,” nemhaka yokufa kwaStefani. (Mabasa 8:1) Izvi zvisati zvaitika uye zvazoitika, zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti kushingairira kuparidza kwaiitwa nevaKristu ava kwakaguma nokuwedzera kwairamba kuchiitika.—Mabasa 5:42; 8:4; 9:31.

Tingadzidzei?

Chokwadi, vaKristu vekare vakaedza nomwoyo wose kuonana nevaJudha kwose kwavaigara. Panguva imwe chete, Pauro nevamwe vakaenda kune Vemamwe Marudzi kuEurope. Vakateerera murayiro waJesu wokuonekana nevateveri vake paakanga ava kuenda wokuita “vanhu vemarudzi ose” vadzidzi.—Mateu 28:19, 20.

Kubva mumuenzaniso wavo, tinogona kudzidza kukosha kwokuparidza nenzira yakarongwa kuti mudzimu waJehovha utitsigire. Tinogonawo kuona zvakanakira kukurukura nevaya vanoremekedza Shoko raMwari, kunyanya mundima dzine Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvishomanana. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzendima yeungano yenyu dzine zvibereko kudarika dzimwe here? Zvingabatsira kushanda mundima idzi kakawanda. Pane zviitiko zvevoruzhinji here munharaunda yenyu zvinoita kuti mukwanise kupupurira zvisina kurongwa uye kupupurira mumugwagwa?

Hatingobatsirwi nokuverenga Bhaibheri chete pamusoro pevaKristu vekare asi tinobatsirwawo kuziva zvakawanda zvakaitika kare uye kuziva ndima. Chimwe chatingashandisa kuti tiwedzere kunzwisisa kwedu ibhurocha rinonzi “Ona Nyika Yakanaka,” rine mepu dzakawanda nemifananidzo.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Chati iri papeji 14]

KUVA NEHANYA KWOMUAPOSTORA PAURO NEVAJUDHA VAKANGA VASIRI MUISRAERI

MUSANGANO USATI WAITWA MUJERUSAREMA MUNA 49 C.E.

Mabasa 9:19, 20 Dhamasiko — ‘akatanga kuparidza mumasinagogi’

Mabasa 9:29 Jerusarema — “aitaura . . . nevaJudha vaitaura chiGiriki”

Mabasa 13:5 Saramisi, Kupro — “kuzivisa shoko raMwari mumasinagogi evaJudha”

Mabasa 13:14 Andiyoki muPisidhiya — “vachipinda musinagogi”

Mabasa 14:1 Ikoniyumu — “vakapinda . . . musinagogi revaJudha”

MUSANGANO WAPERA MUJERUSAREMA MUNA 49 C.E.

Mabasa 16:14 Firipi — “Ridhiya, . . . munamati waMwari”

Mabasa 17:1 Tesaronika — “sinagogi revaJudha”

Mabasa 17:10 Bheriya — “sinagogi revaJudha”

Mabasa 17:17 Atene — “kukurukurirana nevaJudha musinagogi”

Mabasa 18:4 Korinde — “aikurukura musinagogi”

Mabasa 18:19 Efeso — “akapinda musinagogi, akakurukurirana nevaJudha”

Mabasa 19:8 Efeso — “achipinda musinagogi, akataura noushingi kwemwedzi mitatu”

Mabasa 28:17 Roma — “akaunganidza . . . varume vakuru vevaJudha”

[Mepu iri papeji 15]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona magazini yacho)

Vaya vakanzwa mashoko akanaka paPendekosti ya33 C.E. vaibva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana

IRIRIKUMU

ITARI

Roma

MAKEDHONIYA

GIRISI

Atene

KRETE

Kurini

RIBHIYA

BHITINIYA

GARATIYA

EZHIYA

FRIJIYA

PAMFIRIYA

KUPRO

IJIPITI

ITIOPIYA

PONTASI

KAPADHOKIYA

KIRIKIYA

MESOPOTAMIYA

SIRIYA

SAMARIYA

Jerusarema

JUDHIYA

MEDHIYA

Bhabhironi

ERAMU

ARABHIYA

PATIYA

[Nzvimbo dzemvura]

Gungwa reMediterranean

Gungwa Dema

Gungwa Dzvuku

Persian Gulf