Bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ y segd n tẽ Evãnzill dãmbã

Zʋrnall a yembr goma sɛb b sẽn vaees n yã yelle, n yeel woto: “Nebã wʋsg zoe n wʋmame tɩ b gomd b yelle. Rẽ wɛɛngẽ, b maana filim dãmb ligd sẽn yik milyõ rãmba, . . . la b gʋls sɛb hal tɩ nebã ra wʋsgo. . . . Tũudum toor-toor sẽn yet tɩ b yaa kiris-neb tũudum gomda b yell b wẽn-dotẽ. B waa ne no-koɛɛm wʋsg tũudum toɛy-toɛy sʋka, hal tɩ neb tik b zut n gom goam sẽn sãamd tẽebo.” —SUPER INTERESSANTE, MAGAZINE BRÉSILIEN.

SƐB bʋs buud la b sẽn vaees n yã tɩ b gomd b yell wʋsgã? Yaa sɛb b sẽn yã yʋʋmd 1950 wã sẽnes Nag Hammadi la Ezipt soolmã zĩis a taab pʋsẽ. B tẽedame tɩ yaa evãnzill dãmba, lɛta a Zezi tʋm-tʋmdbã sẽn gʋlse, la yaoolem wakatã yɛl Wẽnnaam sẽn vẽneg-b tɩ b yã n gʋlse. Zʋrnallã ra gomda b sẽn yik yʋʋmã noor n gomd seb-kãensã yell wʋsgo, la b tik b zug n maand yɛl kẽerã yelle. Naoor wʋsgo, b boonda seb-kãensã tɩ “yõstik” bɩ “apokirif.” *

B maana sɩlem n na n solg yɛl kẽer bɩ?

Rũndã-rũndã neb wʋsg sẽn da zoe n pa tẽed Biiblã sõma la b pa nong tũudmã yĩnga, wõnda wa sɛb nins b sẽn boond tɩ apokirif rãmbã maneg n kõ-b-la bʋʋm. Sɛb-kãensã toeema neb wʋsg tagsg a Zezi sẽn zãms nebã bũmb ninsã zutu, la Kirist tũudmã meng zugu. Sebr a ye n pʋd n yeel woto: “Neb n be tɩ sebr ning b sẽn boond t’a Toma evãnzillã la apokirif sɛb a taabã goam noom-b hal wʋsgo. Nin-kãens sõorã tara paasg rũndã-rũndã. Yaa neb sẽn dat n tũ Wẽnnaam la b yaool n pa kɩs tũudum toɛy-toɛyã sɩd ye.” Wala makre, Berzill tẽngã pʋgẽ bala, b sõdame n mik tɩ nin-kãens buudã “maana tũudum sula sõor sẽn yɩɩd bãmb 30. B sẽn tẽed bũmb ninsã tika apokirif rãmbã zugu.”

Bãngdb kẽer da zoe n yetame tɩ yɩɩ yʋʋmd 300 wã poor la katolik tũudmã rãmb maan sɩlem, n solg Biiblã goam kẽer sẽn na yɩl n lud  sɩdã tɩ nebã ra bãng yɛl a Zezi zug ye. B yetame tɩ katolik rãmbã yãka sɛb nins b sẽn boond tɩ apokirif rãmbã Biiblã pʋgẽ, la b toeem evãnzill dãmb a naasã goamã. B sẽn vaees n yã seb-kãensã wã kɩtame tɩ neb wʋsg yik n tẽed bãngdb-kãensã goamã. A Elaine Pagels sẽn yaa tũudmã yɛl karen-saambã pʋd n yeela woto: “D bãngame masã tɩ tũudum nins tõnd sẽn boond tɩ Kirist tũudmã, la d sẽn tagsd tɩ bũmb nins yaa kiris-nebã minimdã sẽn tik sɛb nins zutã yaa sɛb a wãn bala, b sẽn tũus sɛb wʋsg sʋka.”

Sã n yaa ne a Pagels la bãngdb a taaba, pa Biiblã a ye bal la kiris-ned segd n ges n bãng n tũ Wẽnnaam ye. B yetame t’a segd n gesa sɛb nins b sẽn boond tɩ apokirif rãmbã la sɛb a taaba. Wala makre, daar a ye, radio ning b sẽn boond tɩ BBC wã sõsg ning b sẽn pʋd tɩ Les mystères de la Bible pʋgẽ, b goma a Maari sẽn yi Magdala wã yelle. Sõsgã pʋgẽ, b wilgame tɩ apokirif rãmbã pʋgẽ, b yeelame t’a Maari sẽn yi Magdala wã “ra yaa a Zezi karen-biis a taabã karen-saamba, la b taoor soaba.” B paasame t’a “ra pa a Zezi karen-biig bala, la tɩ yaa yẽ n da pʋd n yaa a tʋm-tʋmd ning sẽn da so tʋm-tʋmdb a taabã.” Berzill zʋrnall a ye (O Estado de S. Paulo) pʋgẽ, rao a ye yʋʋr sẽn boond t’a Juan Arias tẽega bũmb nins b sẽn yeel t’a Maari ra maandame wã yelle, n yeel woto: “Rũndã-rũndã, woto fãa kɩtame tɩ d tẽed t’a Zezi sẽn lugl tũudum ningã ra zẽkda pagbã n yɩɩd rapã. Bala sɩngrẽ wã, b sẽn da tigimd taab zĩis ninsã ra yaa pagb zagse, tɩ pagb ra lʋɩt taoor n yaa prɛtr dãmb la evɛk rãmba.”

Sã n yaa ne neb kẽere, wõnda wa apokirif rãmbã tara pãng n yɩɩd sɛb nins sẽn be Biiblã pʋgẽ wã zĩig sẽn zãre. La rẽ wata ne sogs-kãsems nins sẽn pʋgdã: Rẽ yĩnga kiris-nebã segd n gesa apokirif rãmbã n bãng n tũ Wẽnnaam bɩ? Apokirif rãmbã gomd sã n wa kɩɩsd Biiblã goamã, bʋg la d segd n tẽ? Rẽ yĩnga yʋʋmd 300 soabã poore, b sɩd maana sɩlem n yãk apokirif rãmbã Biiblã pʋgẽ, la b toeem evãnzill dãmbã goam sẽn na yɩl tɩ nebã ra bãng yɛl kẽer a Zezi, a Maari sẽn yi Magdala wã, la neb a taab zug bɩ? A Zã evãnzillã sẽn be Biiblã pʋgẽ wã na n sõng-d lame tɩ d tõog n leok sogs-kãensã.

A Zã evãnzillã sõngdame tɩ d bãng sɩdã

Yʋʋmd 1900 wã sẽnese, b yãa seb-kʋd Ezipt soolmẽ wã. La sebr a ye n da yaa a Zã evãnzillã vɛrse kẽere. Rũndã-rũndã, b boonda seb-kãng tɩ Papyrus Rylands 457 (P⁵²). B bĩng-a-la sɛb-bĩngr-doog a ye (John Rylands Library) pʋgẽ, Mansɛstɛr sẽn be Ãngeletɛɛr soolmẽ wã. A pʋgẽ wã, d sẽn karemd bũmb nins Zã 18:31-33, 37, 38 wã bee be. Biiblã babg ning b sẽn da gʋls ne gɛrkã seb-kʋd nins fãa d sẽn tarã sʋka, seb-kãng la kʋdr n yɩɩda. Biibl-mitb wʋsg tagsdame tɩ yɩɩ yʋʋmd 125 wã sasa la b gʋls seb-kãngã, rat n yeel tɩ sẽn zems yʋʋm 25 a Zã kũumã poore. Bũmb ning sẽn be yamleoogã yaa tɩ seb-kãngã goamã ne sɛb nins b sẽn gʋls rẽ zugẽ wã goam fãa yaa a ye la bala. Sẽn mik tɩ sebr sẽn yaa a Zã evãnzillã la b ges n lebs n gʋls ra zoe n bee Ezipt yʋʋmd 125 wã sẽnesã, yaa kaset sẽn wilgd tɩ yɩɩ pipi kiris-nebã wakatẽ la b gʋls a Zã evãnzillã, la tɩ sɩd yaa a Zã meng n gʋls-a wa Biiblã sẽn yetã. Dẽnd yaa ned sẽn zĩnd ne a Zezi n yã a sẽn maan bũmb ninsã n gʋls a Zã sebrã.

Sẽn paase, yaa yʋʋmd 100 soabã loogr poor la b gʋls apokirif rãmbã fãa, rat n yeel tɩ b sẽn wa n gʋlsd-bã tɩ yɛl nins b sẽn togsdã sẽn  maana taa yʋʋm 100 bɩ sẽn yɩɩd rẽ menga. Baasgo, bãngdb kẽer yetame tɩ yɩɩ pipi karen-biisã sɛb kẽere, wall b sẽn da minim n maand bũmb ninsã la b tik n gʋls apokirif rãmbã. La kaset pa be n wilgd rẽ ye. Bɩ y sok y meng woto: “Mam na n tẽe sẽn maan-b kaset ne yɛlã sẽn gʋls bũmb ninsã bɩ, bɩ m na n tẽe neb sẽn vɩɩmd yʋʋm koabg ne zak rẽ loogr poorã sẽn togs bũmb ninsã?” Vẽenega, y na n tẽe sẽn maan-b kasetã. *

La kẽer sẽn yet tɩ b toeema evãnzill dãmbã goam sẽn na yɩl tɩ nebã ra bãng yɛl kẽer a Zezi vɩɩmã zugã yẽ? Rẽ yĩnga, d sã n dɩk makr ne a Zã evãnzillã, bũmb bee sẽn wilgd tɩ yʋʋmd 300 wã sẽnese, b toeemã a goam kẽer sẽn na yɩl n solg yɛl bɩ? Sẽn na yɩl n leok sok-kãngã, rẽnda d tẽeg bũmb a ye. Naoor wʋsgo, yaa seb-kʋdr ning b sẽn boond tɩ Vaticanus 1209 wã, b sẽn gʋls yʋʋmd 300 sẽnesã la b ges n gʋls Biibl dãmb nins tõnd sẽn tar rũndã-rũndã wã. Sã n mik tɩ Biibl dãmb nins tõnd sẽn tarã pʋgẽ, goam b sẽn toeem n be be, d sã n tɩ ges Biibl kʋd-kãng pʋgẽ, d na n yãame. Zu-noogo, d tara seb kʋdr a to b sẽn boond tɩ Bodmer 14, 15 (P⁷⁵), b sẽn gʋls yʋʋmd 175 wã ne yʋʋmd 225 wã sʋka. Seb-kãng pʋgẽ, a Luk ne a Zã fãa evãnzill dãmbã zãng la bal bee be. Bãngdbã mikame tɩ seb-kãng goamã ne Vaticanus 1209 wã goam yaa a ye la bala. Koɛɛg-koɛɛga, d tõe n yeelame tɩ yaa tudg-bõones bal n be Biiblã evãnzill rãmbã pʋsẽ, la tɩ rẽ pa tol n toeem goamã võor ye. Vaticanus 1209 wã kõta rẽ kaseto.

Sebr bɩ bũmb a to kae n wilgdẽ tɩ b toeema a Zã evãnzillã, bɩ evãnzill dãmb a taabã me sẽn be Biiblã pʋgẽ wã yʋʋmd 300 soabã sasa ye. Kãmbirdz inivɛrsite karen-saamb a ye (Dr. Peter M. Head) sẽn vaees sɛb-kʋd b sẽn yã Ogsirĩnkis sẽn be Ezipt soolmẽ wã poore, a yeela woto: “D tõe n yeelame bal tɩ seb-kʋd kãensã yaa kaset sẽn wilgd tɩ pipi sɛbã goamã, ne goam nins sẽn be sɛb nins b sẽn gʋls ne gʋls-bi-bɛd yʋʋmd 300 wã poor tɛkã, tɩ b ges rẽ n lebg n gʋls Biibl dãmb nins tõnd sẽn tarã yaa a ye. Bũmb ka be seb-kãensã pʋgẽ, n wilgdẽ tɩ d segd n toeema d sẽn wʋmd KP [Kãab-paalgã] goam võor to-to wã ye.”

Woto wã, d na n yeelame tɩ bõe?

Yʋʋmd 150 soabã sasa tɩ kiris-nebã fãa zoe n sak n deegame tɩ evãnzill dãmb a naasã sẽn be Biiblã pʋgã, rat n yeel t’a Matɩe, a Mark, a Luk la a Zã sɛbã yita Wẽnnaam nengẽ. Yʋʋmd 160 ne 175 soabã sʋka, rao a ye yʋʋr sẽn boond t’a Tatien yiisa sebr b sẽn boond tɩ Diatessaron. Diatessaron wã yaa gɛrk gom-bil sẽn dat n yeel tɩ evãnzill dãmb “a naasã sẽn wilgd bũmb ninsã.” Seb-kãng pʋgẽ, a pa gomd evãnzill nins b sẽn boond tɩ yõstik rãmbã baa a ye yell ye. (Ges-y zĩ-gũbr ning gom-zug sẽn yaa  “Ned sẽn gom n teel evãnzill dãmbã.”) Yʋʋmd 200 soabã sẽnese, ned a ye yʋʋr sẽn boond t’a Irene yeela bũmb sẽn sɩd wilgd rẽ me. A Irene yeelame tɩ sẽn mik tɩ dũniyã tara ween-vɩɩs a naasã, segdame tɩ yɩ evãnzill dãmb a naas bala. Baa d sã n pa tõe n yeel tɩ makrã zemsame, wilgdame tɩ wakat kãng tɩ yaa evãnzill dãmb a naasã bal n be.

 Bõe la woto fãa wilgda? Wilgdame tɩ yʋʋmd 100 soabã tɛk n tãag rũndã, Biiblã babg ning b sẽn gʋls ne gɛrkã, rat n yeel tɩ evãnzill dãmb a naasã sẽn naagã pa tol n toeem ye. Bʋʋm kae sẽn wilgd tɩ yʋʋmd 300 soabã poore, neb n maan sɩlem n na n toeem Biiblã goam kẽere, wall b yãk a sɛbã sãnda n bas ye. Biibl-mit a Bruce Metzger yeela woto: “Yʋʋmd 100 soabã sẽnes . . . tɩ kiris-nebã tigims fãa sẽn da be Mediterane mogrã soolmã n tall n tãag Gãrãnd Bertayn la Mezopotami ween-vɩɩsã ra zoe n tara Kãab-paalgã sɛb fãa la bala, la b ra sak n deegame tɩ seb-kãens yita Wẽnnaam nengẽ.”

Tʋm-tʋmd a Poll ne a Pɩɛɛr yɩɩ neb sẽn da wilgd ne b sũy fãa tɩ Wẽnnaam Gomdã sẽn yetã yaa sɩda. B fãa keooga b tẽed-n-taasã, n yeel-b tɩ b gũus n da wa sak wall b tẽ bũmb a to tɩ pa b sẽn da pĩnd n wilg-bã ye. Wala makre, a Poll yeela a Tɩmote woto: “M biig a Tɩmote, tall bũmb ninga b sẽn ning fo nugẽ wã, la f lak ne gom-wẽnse, la gom-yaalse, la no-koɛɛma. Neb kẽer yetame tɩ b tara ‘bãngre,’ la yaool n ka sɩd ye, la woto, bãmb bʋdgame n bas tẽebo.” A Pɩɛɛr me yeela woto: “Tõnd sẽn wilg yãmb tõnd Zusoab a Zezi Kirist pãngã ne b waoongã, tõnd ka togs soalem sẽn yaa belgr ye, la tõnd mens nin n yã bãmb naam.”—1 Tɩmote 6:20, 21; 2 Pɩɛɛr 1:16.

Yʋʋm kobs sẽn deng rẽ, Wẽnnaam vẽnega no-rɛɛs a Ezai t’a yeel woto: “Mood kʋɩtame la mo-pui sʋʋgdame. La Wẽnnaam goamã paada wakat fãa.” (Ezai 40:8) Tõnd me tõe n kɩsa sɩd wa nin-kãens tɩ Wẽnnaam sẽn yaa Biiblã soabã kogla a sɛbã fãa n tãag rũndã, sẽn na yɩl tɩ ‘nebã fãa paam fãagre, la b bãng sɩdã.’—1 Tɩmote 2:4.

[Tẽngr not rãmbã]

[Goam sẽn tar pãnga, seb-neng a 9]

Rylands papirusã 457 (P⁵²), sebr sẽn yaa a Zã evãnzillã la b ges n gʋls pɛdga. B gʋls-a-la yʋʋmd 100 soabã poore, sẽn zems yʋʋm 25 evãnzillã gʋlsg poore

[Zĩ-gũbri/Foto rãmba, seb-​neng 11]

 Ned sẽn gom n teel evãnzill dãmbã

Kirist tũudmã luglg poor bilfu, neb n wa n yik n yetẽ tɩ evãnzill dãmbã goam kɩɩsda taaba, la tɩ woto yĩnga, d pa segd n tẽ b sẽn yetã ye. La Siiri rao a Tatien sẽn zĩnd yʋʋmd 110 ne yʋʋmd 180 soabã sʋka yiisa sebr n na n wilg tɩ evãnzill dãmbã goam pa kɩɩsd taab ye. A tagsame tɩ b sã n tõog n dɩk evãnzill dãmb a naasã kibay n fãoog taab n maan seb-yende, n wilg kibayã sẽn yekd taab to-to wã vẽenega, nebã na n mikame tɩ b sɩd pa kɩɩsd taab ye.

Rẽ kɩtame t’a Tatien sɩng woto maanego. D pa mi a sã n gʋlsa a sebrã ne gɛrk wall yaa ne Siiri buudã goam ye. La sẽn yaa a soab fãa, yʋʋmd 170 soabã sẽnese, a Tatien gʋlsa a sebrã n sa, n pʋd-a tɩ Diatessaron, sẽn dat n yeel ne gɛrk tɩ evãnzill dãmb “a naasã sẽn wilgd bũmb ninsã.” Bõe yĩng t’a sebrã tar yõodo, baa sẽn pa Wẽnnaam n vẽneg-a t’a gʋlsã?

Yʋʋmd 1800 soabã poor tɩ bãngdb kẽer sɩnga evãnzill dãmbã wɩdbo, n yetẽ tɩ yaa yʋʋmd 150 soabã poor la b sɩng-b gʋlsgo, la tɩ b pa tolg n tõe n yeel t’a sẽn togsdã yaa pĩnd wẽndẽ yɛl ye. La sɛb kẽer sẽn yaa Diatessaron wã la b ges n gʋls la b yã, tɩ wilg vẽneg tɩ yʋʋmd 150 soabã sasa tɩ ra yaa evãnzill dãmb a naasã bal la b ra mi, la tɩ yaa bãmb bal la b ra sak n deeg tɩ yita Wẽnnaam nengẽ.

B sẽn yã Diatessaron wã n paas sɛb sẽn gomd a yell b sẽn gʋls ne araabe, Armeni buudã goama, gɛrk la Latẽ wã kɩtame tɩ biibl-mit a Sir Frederic Kenyon yeel woto: “B sẽn yã seb-kãensã wã kɩtame tɩ no-koɛɛm nins b sẽn da wẽed Diatessaron wã zugã sa. Kɩtame me tɩ b bãng tɩ yʋʋmd 170 soabã sasa, tɩ nebã fãa ra sak n deegame tɩ yaa evãnzill dãmb a naasã bal n wilgd tõnd Fãagdã vɩɩm sẽn yɩ to-to tẽng zug ka wã sõma n yɩɩda.”

[Foto rãmbã]

A Tatien

Diatessaron wã ne araabe

[Taablo, seb-​neng a 8, 9]

(Yaa sebrã meng pʋgẽ la y tõe n yã fãa)

“s.” rat n yeelame tɩ “sẽnese.”

33

A Zezi kũumã

41 s.

A Matɩe evãnzillã gʋlsgo

58 s.

A Luk evãnzillã gʋlsgo

65  s.

A Mark evãnzillã gʋlsgo

98 s.

A Zã evãnzillã gʋlsgo

125

Rylands 457 (P52)

140 s.

Apokirif rãmbã gʋlsg sɩngre

175 s.

Bodmer 14, 15 (P75)

Yʋʋmd 300 soabã poore

Vaticanus 1209

[Foto, seb-​neng 10]

Vaticanus 1209

Seb-kãngã b sẽn gʋls yʋʋmd 300 soabã sẽnesã wilgdame tɩ yaa tudg-bõones bal n be evãnzill dãmbã pʋsẽ, la pa toeem goamã võor ye

[Fotã sẽn yitẽ]

Illustration tirée du livre Bibliorum Sacrorum Graecus Codex Vaticanus, 1868

[Fotã sẽn yitẽ, seb-​neng a 9]

© The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin