Mbalame N’zaluso pa Usodzi

ASODZI akafuna kupha nsomba amachita zinthu zitatu izi: (1) kufufuza kumene angapeze nsomba, (2) kupeza njira yogwirira nsombazo, kenako (3) n’kuzigwira. Mbalamenso zimachita zimenezi.

Kale anthu a ku Egypt ankapha nsomba pozilasa ndi mkondo. Luso limeneli ndi limenenso mbalame zina za m’gulu la chimeza zimagwiritsa ntchito zikafuna kugwira nsomba, kungoti mbalamezi n’zimene zinayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi anthu asanaitulukire.

Mbalame ya chimeza, yomwe imapezeka kwambiri ku mtsinje wa Nile ku Egypt, ikafuna kugwira nsomba imailasa ndi mlomo wake wosongoka ngati mkondo. Mbalameyi imatha kugwira nsomba ziwiri nthawi imodzi, ndipo ikhoza kudya nsomba zolemera kilogalamu imodzi masiku awiri okha. Anthu ambiri amaona kuti mbalame imeneyi ndi yaluso kwambiri pa usodzi kuposa anthu.

Mbalame ya chimeza ndi yaluso kwambiri powenderera nsomba. Imatha kuyenda pang’onopang’ono m’madzi osaya kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina imatha kungoima m’madzi itachalira kugwira nsomba. Ikaona nsomba ikubwera poteropo, imalowetsa mutu wake m’madzi msangamsanga n’kuigwira ndi mlomo wake. Mbalameyi imachita zinthu modekha kuti ione nsomba n’kuigwira.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nyambo

Malinga ndi buku lina lonena za mbalame (The Life of Birds), mbalame ya chimeza imene imapezeka ku Japan imagwiritsa ntchito tizinyenyetswa ta buledi ngati nyambo pofuna kunyengerera nsomba kuti zibwere pafupi. Ena amaganiza kuti mbalameyi imatengera zimene anthu akumeneko amachita akafuna kugwira nsomba m’madamu.

Akakowa enaake opezeka ku nyanja ya Caribbean amagwiritsanso ntchito buledi pofuna kunyengerera nsomba. Nthawi zinanso mbalamezi zimatha kugwira nsomba pogwiritsa ntchito mapazi ake achikasu m’malo mwa nyambo. Zimangoima m’madzi pamalo osaya kwenikweni ndi mwendo umodzi n’kumagwedeza mwendo winawo. Ndiyeno nsomba zikachita chidwi ndi zimenezi n’kubwera pafupi, mbalameyi imazigwira.

Kumbwandira

Mbalame zina monga chiwombankhanga zikafuna kugwira nsomba, zimangopita pamene pali nsombapo n’kuimbwandira. Zimakonda kuuluka pamwamba pa madzi, uku zikuponyaponya maso kuti zione nsomba zimene zikusambira pafupi ndi pamwamba pa madzi. Zikangoona nsomba, zimapinda mapiko n’kuuluka chopendekeka mpaka pamene pali nsombayo. Kenako mwachanguchangu imambwandira  nsombayo ndi zala zake. Kuti ikwanitse kuchita zimenezi imafunika kukhala ndi maso akuthwa komanso kuchita zinthu mwachangu.

Nthawi zina zimapezeka kuti nsomba imene chiwombankhanga chagwira ndi yolemera kwambiri moti sichingathe kuinyamula. Chifukwatu nsomba zina zimene ziwombankhanga za ku Africa zimagwira zimatha kufika makilogalamu 2.7. Ndiyeno kodi chiwombankhangachi chimatani chikagwira nsomba yolemera chonchi? Malinga ndi zimene akatswiri ena a zinthu zamoyo anaona, ziwombankhanga zimakokera nsombayo kumtunda popalasa m’madzimo ndi mapiko awo.

Kudumphira M’madzi

Mbalame zina za mtundu wa bakha zimadumphira m’madzi zikafuna kugwira nsomba, ndipo zimadumphira m’madzimo mofulumira kwambiri zitazondotsa mutu wake pansi. Mbalamezi zimakhala m’magulu ang’onoang’ono pofufuza nsomba zimene zikusambira pamwamba pa madzi. Nsomba zikamasambira pamwambamwamba zimachititsa kuti madziwo asinthe, kuchoka pa mtundu wa buluu n’kumaoneka obiriwira. Mbalamezi zikayang’ana m’madzi n’kuona mtundu umenewu, zimadziwa kuti pali nsomba ndipo zimadumphira m’madzimo msangamsanga.

Pa nthawi imeneyi, mbalamezi zimatha kuthamanga mpaka kufika makilomita 96.56 pa ola limodzi. Munthu ukaona mbalamezi zikudumphira m’madzi umagoma kwambiri ndi liwiro lake moti umangokhala ngati ukuonerera akatswiri odumphira m’madzi pa mpikisano wa Olympic. Mbalamezi zikagwira nsombazo, mbalame zina zimathamangira komweko chifukwa zimadziwa kuti kuli phwando.

Mosiyana ndi chimeza, mbalamezi sizipha nsomba pozilasa ndi milomo yawo koma zimati zikadumphira m’madzi, zimapita pansi kwambiri. Ndiyeno pobwerera kuchokera pansipo, zimagwira nsomba imodzi ndi imodzi n’kumaimeza yathunthu.

Ndiyeno pali mbalame zina za kumadera ozizira zokhala ndi mitu yakuda zimene zimathanso kudumphira madzi, koma nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimakonda kuuluka mwaluso kwambiri pamwamba pa madzi. Buku linanso lonena za mbalame linafotokoza kuti mbalamezi sizingathe kudumphira m’madzi mofulumira kwambiri kuposa mbalame zooneka ngati abakha, koma n’zaluso pouluka chifukwa zimatha “kuima m’malere komanso kutsika pansi n’kukweranso m’mwamba mofulumira kwambiri.” (Handbook of the Birds of the World) Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimagwira nsomba zimene zikuyenda pafupi ndi pamwamba pa madzi pozimbwandira ndi zala popanda kulowa m’madzi mwenimwenimo, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina zimatha kudumphira m’madzimo koma kwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri.

Kusodza M’magulu

Mbalame zinazake za mlomo wautali zotchedwa vuwo zimene zimakonda kupezeka ku Australia, zimaoneka zoderereka koma n’zaluso kwambiri pouluka komanso kusodza. Nthawi zambiri zikafuna kugwira nsomba zimadumphira m’madzi momwemo koma nthawi zina zimatha kubera nsomba asodzi akamavuula maukonde awo.

Mbalamezi n’zaluso kwambiri pa nkhani yosodza m’magulu. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mbalamezi n’chakuti zimauzana zochita pa gulu lawo zikafuna kugwira nsomba. Mbalame zokwana 12 zimapanga mzere wopindika ngati uta. Ndiyeno zimasambira pang’onopang’ono n’kumakusira nsomba ku malo osaya kwambiri. Kenako zimayamba kukupiza mapiko awo uku zikulowetsa mitu yawo m’madzi nthawi imodzi n’kumameza nsomba imodzi ndi imodzi.

Monga mmene zimakhalira ndi asodzi, nthawi zina mbalamenso zimalephereratu kugwira nsomba. Komabe, luso la mbalame pa usodzi limaposeratu luso la anthu.

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Chiwombankhanga

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Photolibrary

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Chimeza

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Mbalame yooneka ngati bakha

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Mbalame ya mutu wakuda

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Vuwo za ku Australia