Mipumburu yeGungwa Rakafa—Nei Uchifanira Kuiziva?

Mipumburu yeGungwa Rakafa isati yawanikwa, zvinyorwa zvekare-kare zveMagwaro echiHebheru zvaitangira muzana remakore rechipfumbamwe nerechigumi C.E. Mipumburu iyi ingagona kuvimbwa nayo zvechokwadi here sokupfuuridzirwa kwakatendeka kweShoko raMwari, sezvo kunyorwa kweMagwaro echiHebheru kwakapedzwa makore anopfuura chiuru akanga adarika? Purofesa Julio Trebolle Barrera, nhengo yechikwata chepasi rose chevapepeti veMipumburu yeGungwa Rakafa, anoti: “Mupumburu waIsaya [wakabva kuQumran] unopa uchapupu husingarambiki hwokuti kupfuuridzirwa kwemashoko eBhaibheri kwemakore anodarika chiuru chimwe kwakaitwa nemaoko evanyori vechiJudha kwave kwakatendeka zvikuru uye kuri kwokungwarira.”

MUPUMBURU unotaurwa nezvawo naBarrera une bhuku raIsaya rose. Nhasi, pazvinyorwa zveBhaibheri zvinopfuura 200 zvakawanikwa paQumran, zvikamu zvebhuku rose reMagwaro echiHebheru zvakawanikwa kusara kwebhuku raEstere. Kusiyana noMupumburu waIsaya, yakawanda yacho inongomirirwa nezvidimbu chete, zvine chisingapfuuri chikamu chimwe mugumi chebhuku ripi zvaro ringataurwa. Mabhuku eBhaibheri akanga akakurumbira zvikuru paQumran akanga ari Pisarema (makopi 36), Dheuteronomio (makopi 29), uye Isaya (makopi 21). Aya ndiwo mabhuku akanyanya kutorwa mashoko muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki.

Kunyange zvazvo mipumburu yacho ichiratidza kuti Bhaibheri harina kuchinja zvinhu zvikuru zviri mariri, inoratidzawo kuti kumwero wakati pakanga paine shanduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzeBhaibheri rechiHebheru dzaishandiswa nevaJudha panguva yeTemberi Yechipiri, imwe neimwe iine zvayakanga yakati siyanei nedzimwe. Haisi mipumburu yose yakafanana neyoRugwaro rwevaMasorete muzviperengo nemashoko. Mimwe yakada kufanana zvikuru neSeptuagint yechiGiriki. Munguva dzakapfuura, nyanzvi dzaifunga kuti kusiyana kweSeptuagint kungadaro kwakakonzerwa nezvikanganiso kana nokuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu kwemaune kwakaitwa nomushanduri. Zvino mipumburu yacho inoratidza kuti yakawanda yemisiyano iyi chaizvoizvo yakakonzerwa nokuti siyanei kwemagwaro echiHebheru. Izvi zvingatsanangura zvimwe zviitiko apo vaKristu vepakutanga vaishandisa mashoko eMagwaro echiHebheru vachishandisa mashoko akasiyana neorugwaro rwevaMasorete.—Eksodho 1:5; Mabasa 7:14.

Nokudaro, iyi pfuma inokosha yemipumburu nezvidimbu zveBhaibheri inopa hwaro hwakanakisisa hwokudzidza kupfuuridzirwa kwemagwaro echiHebheru. Mipumburu yeGungwa Rakafa yakasimbisa kukosha kwezvose Septuagint nePentateuch yeSamariya nokuda kwokufananidza magwaro. Zvinogovera pamwe panowanikwa mamwe mashoko nevashanduri veBhaibheri kuti vafunge nezvokugadziridza kungaitwa pamagwaro evaMasorete. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvinosimbisa zvisarudzo zveDare reBhaibheri reShanduro yeNyika Itsva zvokudzorera zita raMwari munzvimbo dzarakabviswa murugwaro rwevaMasorete.

Mipumburu inotsanangura mitemo nezvaidavirwa neboka rechitendero repaQumran inojekesa  kuti pakanga pasina rudzi rumwe bedzi rwokunamata kwechiJudha panguva yaJesu. Boka rechitendero reQumran rakanga riine tsika dzakasiyana nedzevaFarisi nevaSadhusi. Zvichida kusiyana uku kwakaita kuti boka racho ritizire kurenje. Rakazviona nenzira isiriyo sokuti ndiro raizadzika Isaya 40:3 pamusoro peinzwi romusango riri kururamisa nzira yaJehovha. Mipumburu yakawanda inotaura nezvaMesiya, ane kuuya kwake kwaionekwa nevanyori vacho sekwakanga kwava pedyo. Izvi zvinoita kuti tive nechido chokuziva nemhaka yemashoko aRuka okuti “vanhu zvavakanga vachitarisira” kuuya kwaMesiya.—Ruka 3:15.

Mipumburu yeGungwa Rakafa inotibatsira pamwero wakati kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu emararamiro evaJudha munguva yakaparidza Jesu. Anopa mashoko okufananidza nokusiyanisa pakudzidza chiHebheru chekare nemagwaro eBhaibheri. Asi mashoko eMipumburu yomuGungwa Rakafa akawanda achiri kuda kuongororwa. Naizvozvo, nzwisiso itsva ingawanikwa. Hungu, zvakawanda zvikuru zvakawanikwa mukuchera matongo kwomuzana remakore rechi20 zvinopfuurira kuita kuti nyanzvi nevadzidzi veBhaibheri vade kuziva zvakawanda sezvatinopfuurira muzana remakore rechi21.

[Vakatipa Mifananidzo iri papeji 7]

Kucherwa kwepaQumran: Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.; mupumburu: Courtesy of Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem