Amene Anaukiridwa Kwambiri ndi Soviet Union

NGAKHALE kuti pofuna kupambana nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse dziko la Soviet Union linapatsa tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox ufulu, linapitirizabe kupondereza zochita za tchalitchicho. Motero, buku lina lotchedwa The Sword and the Shield, lolembedwa mu 1999 lolongosola mbiri ya KGB (Gulu Lachitetezo la Dziko la Soviet Union), linati, “gulu la KGB linada nkhaŵa kwambiri ndi ntchito ‘zogwetsa boma’ za Akristu  amene silikanatha kuwalamulira mwachindunji.” Kodi magulu achipembedzo ameneŵa anali ati?

Gulu lalikulu kwambiri linali la Greek Catholic Church of Ukraine, limene tsopano amalitcha kuti Ukrainian Catholic Church. Linali ndi anthu 4,000,000. Buku la The Sword and the Shield, limati “mabishopu ake khumi, kungosiyapo aŵiri okha anafera chikhulupiriro chawo ku gulag [misasa yachibalo] ku Siberia pamodzinso ndi ansembe ndi okhulupirira ambirimbiri.” A KGB ankadananso ndi magulu achipulotesitanti osalembetsa kuboma, amenenso boma silikanatha kuwalamulira mwachindunji. Chakumapeto kwa m’ma 1950, a KGB anati magulu achipulotesitanti onseŵa mwina anali ndi anthu okwana 100,000.

Iwo ankati Mboni za Yehova nazo ndi apulotesitanti, ndipo m’chaka cha 1968 anati mwina m’Soviet Union zinalimo 20,000. Mmene nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse imayamba mu 1939, Mboni zinalipo zochepa m’dzikoli motero sizinali kudziŵika kwenikweni. Koma zinthu zinasintha kwambiri pamene mwadzidzidzi ku Soviet Union kunayamba kupezeka Mboni zambiri. Kodi zinachitika bwanji?

Kuyamba Kuchulukana Kwambiri

M’buku lake lakuti Religion in the Soviet Union, lofalitsidwa mu 1961, Walter Kolarz anatchula zinthu ziŵiri zimene zinachititsa kuchulukana kwadzaoneni kumeneku. Iye anati chifukwa chimodzi chinali chakuti “mayiko amene anawonjezereka mumgwirizano wa Soviet Union m’chaka cha 1939 mpaka 1940,” anali ndi “magulu ambiri akhama a Mboni za Yehova.” Mayikowa ndi Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, ndi Moldavia. Kuphatikizanso apo, madera ena a kum’maŵa kwa Poland ndi Czechoslovakia, amene anali ndi Mboni zopitirira chikwi, anatengedwanso ndi Soviet Union, n’kukhala mbali ya Ukraine. Motero, Mboni zonsezi zinangozindikira kuti zili ku Soviet Union.

Kolarz analemba kuti chinthu china chimene chinawachulukitsa “ngakhale chili chovuta kuchikhulupirira ndicho misasa ya ukaidi ya ku Germany.” Chipani cha Nazi chinali chitatsekera m’ndende Mboni zambirimbiri chifukwa chakuti zinakana kuthandiza Hitler pankhondo yake yoputa dala mayiko ena. Kolarz analongosola kuti kumisasa imeneyi akaidi a ku Russia “anagoma ndi kulimba mtima ndiponso kusatekeseka kwa ‘Mbonizo’ ndipo mwina n’chifukwa chake anakopeka ndi chiphunzitso chawo.” Motero, achinyamata ambiri a ku Russia amene anali kumisasa imeneyi anapita kwawo ku Soviet Union atapeza chikhulupiriro chatsopano chonena za Yehova Mulungu ndi cholinga chake chosangalatsa chokhudza dziko lapansi.—Salmo 37:29; Chivumbulutso 21:3, 4.

Pazifukwa zimenezi, Mboni zinachulukana mwamsanga kwambiri ku Soviet Union. Kumayambiriro kwa 1946, zinaliko zosachepera 1,600, ndipo pofika 1950 zinaposa 8,000. Poona kuchulukana kotereku, a KGB, aja tanena kale kuti ankada nkhaŵa makamaka ndi “ntchito ya Akristu amene sakanatha kuwalamulira mwachindunji,” anachita mantha.

Ayamba Kuwaukira

Ngakhale kuti Mboni zinaliko zochepa ku Soviet Union, mosakhalitsa boma la Soviet Union linaukira ntchito yawo yolalikira mwachangu. Ku Estonia anayamba kuwaukira mu August 1948 pamene anthu asanu amene ankatsogolera ntchitoyi anawagwira ndi kuwaika m’ndende. Lembit Toom, amene ali Mboni ya ku Estonia ananena kuti: “Zinadziŵika mwamsanga kuti a KGB ankafuna kugwira aliyense.” Umu ndi mmene zinthu zinalili kwina kulikonse kumene kunali Mboni mu Soviet Union.

Boma la Soviet Union linkauza anthu kuti Mboni n’zigaŵenga zoopsa kwambiri ndiponso  kuti ndi anthu osokoneza mfundo za boma zosakhulupirira Mulungu. Motero, kulikonse anali kuwafunafuna, kuwagwira, ndi kuwaponya m’ndende. Buku lakuti The Sword and the Shield linati: “Akuluakulu a KGB anatangwanika kwadzaoneni ndi Mboni za Yehova ndipo mwina tingati izi ndizo zikusonyezeratu poyera kuti ankatekeseka monkitsa ndi nkhani zazing’ono kwambiri zotsutsana nawo.”

Kutangwanika kumeneku kunaonekera poyera pamene anakonzekera kwambiri kuukira Mboni mu April 1951. Zaka ziŵiri zapitazo, mu 1999, munthu wina wophunzira wodziŵika bwino, pulofesa Sergei Ivanenko, analemba m’buku lake lotchedwa The People Who Are Never Without Their Bibles (Anthu Amene Mabaibulo Awo Sawasiya) kuti kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April mu 1951, “mabanja opitirira 5,000 a Mboni za Yehova ochokera m’mayiko a Soviet Union a Ukraine, Byelorussia, Moldavia, ndiponso akunyanja ya Baltic anawatumiza ku Siberia kudera lakum’maŵa, koti ‘akakhalako mpaka kalekale,’ ndiponso anawatumiza ku Kazakhstan.”

N’zoyenera Kuzikumbukira

Tangoganizirani chintchito chimene anachita pakuukiraku—tsiku limodzi lokha anasonkhanitsa bwanji mabanja zikwi zambiri a Mboni m’dera lalikulu ngati limenelo? Tangoganizirani kuti panali anthu mazana kapenanso zikwi amene ankawatuma kuti, choyamba akafufuze Mbonizo ndipo kenaka, anyamuke kuli mdima poopa kuonekera, apite kunyumba zosiyanasiyana nthaŵi imodzi ndi kukawagwira. Ndiyeno, panalinso ntchito yoloŵetsa anthuwo m’ngolo, galimoto, ndi zinthu zina zonyamula anthu; kuti apite kokwerera sitima yapamtunda, n’kukawakweza m’sitima zonyamula katundu.

Taganiziraninso mmene anthuwo anavutikira. Kodi mukuganiza kuti anamva bwanji kuyenda mtunda wa makilomita zikwi zambiri mowakakamiza, kwa milungu itatu yathunthu mwinanso kuposa, atakhala mopanikizana m’sitima zonyamula katundu, mosasamalidwa ndiponso mmene chimbuzi chake chinali chabe chitini chimodzi? Ndipo taganizirani kuŵaŵa kosiyidwa kuchipululu cha ku Siberia, podziŵa kuti uyenera kuvutika zedi kuti upulumuke kumalo oipa ngati amenewo.

Mwezi uno kuchitika mwambo wokumbukira zaka 50 zimene zapitapo kuchokera mu April 1951 pamene Mboni za Yehova anazipititsa ku ukaidi umenewu. Pofuna kusimba nkhani yakuti anthuwa anakhulupirikabe ngakhale anazunzika zaka zambiri, zimene opulumuka anakumana nazo anazijambula patepi ya vidiyo. Izo zikusonyeza kuti monga mmenenso zinalili ndi Akristu a m’zaka za zana loyamba, kuyesa kuletsa anthu kulambira Mulungu sikungaphule kanthu.

Zimene Ukaidiwu Unachita

Posakhalitsa boma la Soviet Union linadziŵa kuti kusiyana ndi zimene linkaganiza, lidzavutika kwambiri kuti liletse Mboni kulambira Yehova.  Ngakhale kuti owagwira ukaidiwo ankaletsa kuimba nyimbo, Mbonizo zinkaimbabe nyimbo zotamanda Yehova paulendo wawo wopita kuukaidi ndipo m’mabogi awo zinapachika zikwangwani zolembedwa kuti: “Muno Mwakwera Mboni za Yehova.” Mboni ina inalongosola kuti: “Tili m’njira tinapeza sitima zina zili pa siteshoni, zitanyamula akaidi, ndipo tinaona zikwangwani zimene anapachika m’mabogiwo.” Zimenezi zinawalimbikitsadi kwambiri!

Choncho m’malo motaya mtima, anthu ogwidwa ukaidiwo anali ndi mzimu ngati wa atumwi a Yesu. Baibulo limanena kuti atawakwapula ndi kuwaletsa kulalikira, “sanaleka kuphunzitsa ndi kulalikira Kristu Yesu.” (Machitidwe 5:40-42) N’zoonadi, monga ananenera Kolarz polongosola ukaidiwu, “awa sanali mapeto a ‘Mboni’ ku Russia, koma chinali chabe chiyambi cha ntchito yawo yotembenuza anthu mitima. Iwo anafalitsa chikhulupiriro chawo ngakhale akaima pa siteshoni za sitima paulendo wawo wopita kuukaidi.”

Mbonizi zitafika ndi kutsika kumalo osiyanasiyana kumene anakazitula, zinadziŵika ndi mbiri yabwino kwambiri yoti anali anthu omvera, ogwira ntchito mwakhama. Komanso, potsanzira atumwi a Kristu, zinakhala ngati zikuuza owazunzawo kuti: ‘Sitingathe ife kuleka kulankhula  za Mulungu wathu.’ (Machitidwe 4:20) Anthu ambiri anamvetsera zimene Mbonizo zinali kuphunzitsa ndipo nawonso anayamba kutumikira Mulungu.

Zimene zinachitika n’zimenedi Kolarz analongosola ponena kuti: “Kwenikweni zimene boma la Soviet Union linachita powathamangitsa zinawathandiza kwambiri kufalitsa chikhulupiriro chawo. Mbonizi anazichotsa kumidzi yakutali [ya kumayiko a kumadzulo kwa Soviet Union] n’kuzipititsa kudera la anthu osiyanasiyana, ngakhale kuti linali longodzaza ndi ukapolo ndi ukaidi.”

Ayesetsabe Kuletsa Kuchulukana

M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, a boma la Soviet Union anayesa njira zosiyanasiyana kuti aimitse ntchito ya Mboni za Yehova. Chifukwa chakuti anakanika kutero powazunza mwankhanza, anakonza bwinobwino njira yofalitsira nkhani zabodza. Anayesa kugwiritsa ntchito mabuku, mafilimu, ndi mapulogalamu a pawailesi, ngakhale kuloŵetsa m’mipingo akazitape ophunzitsidwa bwino a KGB.

Mabodza ofala ameneŵa anachititsa kuti anthu ambiri aziopa ndiponso asamakhulupirire Mbonizo, monga mmene inasonyezera nkhani ina ya m’magazini ya Readers Digest ya mwezi wa August 1982 ya ku Canada. Analemba nkhaniyi ndi munthu wina wochokera ku Russia dzina lake Vladimir Bukovsky, amene anamulola kusamukira ku England mu 1976. Analemba kuti: “Tsiku lina madzulo ndili ku London, ndinaona chikwangwani panyumba ina ndi mawu akuti: MBONI ZA YEHOVA . . . Ndinalephera kupitiriza kuŵerenga, ndinagwidwa nthumanzi, ndipo ndinangotsala pang’ono kukomoka ndi mantha.”

Vladimir analongosola chimene anachitira mantha aakulu chonchi. Anati: “Aŵa ndi anthu ampatuko amene kwathu kuja boma limaopsezera ana . . . Kwathu ku U.S.S.R [Soviet Union], anthu enieni ‘Amboni’ amapezeka kundende ndi kumisasa ya akaidi basi. Ndiye ine ndinaima kutsogolo kwa nyumba, n’kumayang’ana chikwangwani chimenechi. Kodi n’kutheka munthu kuloŵa mmenemu n’kukacheza ndi anthu ameneŵa?” anafunsa. Pofuna kugogomeza chimene anachitira mantha kwambiri, Vladimir anamaliza n’kunena kuti: “Kwathu ‘Amboni’ amasakidwa modetsa nkhaŵa monga mmene gulu la achifwamba oopsa la Mafia amalisakira m’dziko lawo, ndipo nawonso amawakayikira mofanana.”

Komabe, ngakhale kuti anazizunza ndi kuzinamizira kwambiri, Mboni zinapirira ndipo zinachulukanabe. Mabuku a ku Soviet Union monga lakuti The Truths About Jehovah’s Witnesses, (Zoona Zake za Mboni za Yehova) limene analifalitsa m’chilankhulo cha Chirasha mu 1978 makope okwana 100,000, anati m’pofunika kuchita zamphamvu pofalitsa nkhani zonamizira Mboni. Mlembi wake, V. V. Konik, yemwe analongosola mmene Mboni zinali kulalikira ngakhale anazikhwimitsira kwambiri malamulo, analangiza kuti: “Ofufuza zachipembedzo a ku Soviet Union aphunzire njira zina zabwinopo zofooketsera ziphunzitso za Mboni za Yehova.”

Chinachititsa N’chiyani Kuti Awaukire Kwambiri?

Kunena mosazungulira, boma la Soviet linaukira kwambiri Mboni za Yehova chifukwa zinatsanzira otsatira oyambirira a Yesu. M’zaka za zana loyamba, atumwi ameneŵa anawaletsa ‘kuphunzitsa za dzina la [Yesu].’ Koma owazunzawo anadandaula amvekere: “Taonani, mwadzaza Yerusalemu  ndi chiphunzitso chanu.” Atumwiwo sanakane kuti anali kulalikirabe ngakhale kuti anawalamula kuti aleke, koma anayankha mwaulemu kuti: ‘Tiyenera kumvera Mulungu koposa anthu.’—Machitidwe 5:27-29.

Masiku anonso Mboni za Yehova sizinyalanyaza ngakhale pang’ono lamulo limene Yesu anapereka kwa otsatira ake la ‘kulalikira kwa anthu, ndiponso kuchita umboni.’ (Machitidwe 10:42) M’buku lake lakuti The Kremlin’s Human Dilemma, Maurice Hindus analongosola kuti Mboni zinali “ndi khama losati n’kuletseka pa kulalikira” n’chifukwa chake “zinawasoŵetsa mtendere akuluakulu a boma ku Moscow ndipo [n’chifukwa chake] nthaŵi zonse apolisi a Soviet anali kulimbana nazo.” Ananenanso kuti: “Palibe njira yowaletsera. Akawapondereza dera ili, amatulukira kudera lina.”

Wolemba mbiri wina wa ku Russia Sergei Ivanenko, analemba kuti: “Mmene ndikudziŵira ineyo, gulu la Mboni za Yehova linali lokhalo ku USSR limene linapitiriza kukula ngakhale kuti analiletsa ndi kulizunza.” N’zoona kuti zipembedzo zina, kuphatikizaponso chipembedzo chotchuka koposa, cha Russian Orthodox, zinali zamoyo. Muchita chidwi kwambiri ndi nkhani yolongosola mmene matchalitchi ena ndiponso Mboni anapulumukira boma la Soviet Union litawaukira.

[Bokosi patsamba 14]

“Amene Anazunzidwa Mwankhanza Zosaneneka”

Buku la A Concise Encyclopaedia of Russia lolembedwa mu 1964 linalongosola kuti Mboni za Yehova zinali “ndi khama ladzaoneni pantchito yotembenuza anthu mitima” ndipo “pa zipembedzo zonse za ku Soviet Union, iwo ndiwo anazunzidwa mwankhanza zosaneneka.”

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 15]

MMODZI WA ANTHU ZIKWI ZAMBIRI—Fyodor Kalin Akulongosola Nkhani ya Ukaidi wa Banja Lake

Banja lathu linkakhala m’mudzi wa Vilshanitsa, chakumadzulo kwa dziko la Ukraine. M’maŵa, pa April 8, 1951 kunja kudakali kamdima, kunabwera asilikali okhala ndi agalu, ndipo anatidzutsa n’kutiuza kuti akutipititsa ku Siberia malingana ndi zimene boma lalamula ku Moscow. Koma ngati titasaina chikalata chonena kuti sindifenso Mboni za Yehova, ndiye kuti atisiya. Banja lathu lonse la anthu asanu ndi aŵiri pamodzi ndi makolo ndiponso abale anga, tinatsimikiza kuti sitidzasiya Umboni. Panthaŵiyi ndinali ndi zaka 19.

Wapolisi wina anati: “Musaiŵale kutenga nyemba, chimanga, fulawo, ndiwo zoyanika, ndi kabichi, chifukwa mukapanda kutero anawa mukawadyetsa chiyani?” Anatilolanso kuphako nkhuku zina ndi nkhumba imodzi ndi kunyamula nyamayo. Kunabwera ngolo ziŵiri zokokedwa ndi mahatchi, ndipo titalongedza katundu wathu yense m’ngolozo anatitenga n’kukatisiya kutauni ya Hriplin. Titafika kumeneko, anthu okwana 40 kapena 50 tinaloŵa m’sitima yonyamula katundu n’kukhala mopanikizana, ndipo anatseka chitseko.

M’sitimayo munali timatabwa tingapo togonapo, tosakwanira aliyense, ndipo munali chitofu, timalasha komanso tinkhuni. Tinaphikira pachitofupo, pogwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zimene tinatenga. Koma munalibe chimbuzi ndipo tinkangogwiritsa ntchito chitini. Kenaka tinaboola kadzenje pansi pa sitimayo n’kulowetsapo chitinicho, ndipo tinamangirira mabulangete mozungulira kuti anthu azibisikako podzithandiza.

Tinakhala m’sitima ya katunduyo mopanikizana mmene timayenda pang’onopang’ono paulendo wa makilomita zikwi zambiri wosadziŵika kumene tikupita. Poyamba tinali kudandaula. Koma pamene tonse tinayamba kuimba nyimbo za Ufumu—kuimbatu mwamphamvu muja moti sitinathe kulankhula titamaliza—mitima yathu inadzala ndi chimwemwe. Mlonda amati akatsegula chitseko n’kutiuza kuti tisiye kuimba, sitimasiya mpaka titamaliza. Tili m’njira sitimayo ikaima pasiteshoni, anthu ambiri ankadziŵa kuti Mboni za Yehova akuzitumiza ku ukaidi. Potsiriza, patatha masiku 17 kapena 18 tili m’sitimayo, anatitula ku Siberia kufupi ndi nyanja ya Baikal.

[Chithunzi]

Ndaimirira kumbuyo, kudzanja lamanja

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 16]

ARMAGEDO—Filimu ya ku Soviet Union Yofalitsira Mabodza

Boma la Soviet Union linapanga filimu yotchedwa Armagedo poyesa kuipitsa dzina la Mboni za Yehova. Filimuyi inaonetsa nkhani yongopeka yachibwenzi cha mnyamata wina wa m’gulu lankhondo la Soviet Union ndi mtsikana wina amene ananyengereredwa kuti aloŵe gulu la Mboni. Kumapeto kwa filimuyo, kamng’ono kake ka mtsikanayo kanafa pangozi imene woyang’anira wina Wamboni anachititsa, amene m’filimuyo anali ngati kazitape wa boma la America.

Polongosola filimuyo, imene inaliritsa anthu ena oonerera, nyuzipepala ya ku Ukraine, ya The Red Flag ya pa May 14, 1963, inati: “Umu ndi mmene ofalitsa nkhani zakuti kulibe Mulungu amakopera anthu, n’kuwakhutiritsa maganizo, ndipo njira yomweyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m’midzi ina ya m’dzikoli kumene amaonetsa mafilimu otere.”

[Chithunzi patsamba 14]

Anthu zikwi zambiri anawapititsa ku Siberia pasitima zonyamula katundu