Malangizo a Akatswiri Amasinthasintha

MASIKU ano, munthu amene ali ndi kompyuta atati afufuze malangizo othandiza makolo pa Intaneti, msangamsanga akhoza kupeza nkhani zoposa 26 miliyoni za malangizo otere. Atati azitsegula n’kuwerenga kwa mphindi imodzi yokha nkhani iliyonse yomwe wapeza, zingamutengere zaka zambiri moti mwana wake wakhanda akhoza kukula iye asanamalizebe kuwerenga nkhanizi.

Kodi kale makolo ankapeza kuti malangizo kusanabwere madokotala a ana, akatswiri a maganizo a ana, ndi Intaneti? Nthawi zambiri, ankathandizidwa ndi achibale awo. Mayi, bambo, azakhali, ndi amalume ankatha kupereka malangizo, chithandizo cha ndalama, ndiponso ankathandiza nawo poyang’anira ana. Koma m’mayiko ambiri, mgwirizano wabwino wotere ndi achibale wachepa kwambiri chifukwa choti anthu ambiri asamuka kumudzi n’kumakakhala m’tawuni. Nthawi zambiri masiku ano, amayi ndi abambo amapezeka kuti akulera okha ana awo.

Mosakayikira ichi n’chimodzi mwa zifukwa zimene zachititsa kuti mabizinesi opereka malangizo olerera ana akule mwamsanga kwambiri. Chifukwa china n’choti anthu ambiri akukhulupirira sayansi. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1800, anthu a ku United States anali atayamba kale kukhulupirira kuti sayansi ikhoza kutukula mbali iliyonse ya moyo wa anthu. Choncho anaganiza kuti ikhozanso kuthandiza pa nkhani yolera ana. N’chifukwa chake bungwe la American National Congress of Mothers litadandaula za “kulephera kwa makolo” mu 1899, panayamba kukhala anthu ambiri onena kuti ndi akatswiri pa nkhani yolera ana. Analonjeza kuti angathandize amayi ndi abambo amene akuvutika kulera ana awo.

Malangizo a M’mabuku Olerera Ana

Koma kodi akatswiriwa athandizadi? Kodi masiku ano makolo sadera nkhawa kwambiri za ana ndiponso amadziwa bwino kulera anawo kuposa makolo a m’mbuyomu? Ayi. Kafukufuku wina amene anachitika posachedwapa ku Britain anasonyeza kuti pafupifupi makolo 35 pa makolo 100 alionse a ana aang’ono akufunafunabe malangizo odalirika. Pothedwa nzeru, ena amangotsatira zimene iwowo paokha akuona kuti zingawathandize basi.

Ann Hulbert, m’buku lake lakuti Raising America: Experts, Parents, and a Century of Advice About Children, anafufuza mbiri ya mabuku a akatswiri odziwa za kulera ana. Hulbert, yemwe ndi mayi wa ana awiri, anati pali zinthu zochepa chabe zomwe akatswiriwo ananena zomwe zili zogwirizana ndi sayansi. Koma zikuoneka kuti zambiri zinali zinthu zimene iwowo paokha anaonapo pamoyo wawo, osati zimene apezadi atachita kafukufuku. Choncho tikayang’ana mbiri imeneyi, zikuoneka kuti ambiri mwa malangizo omwe analemba anali ongotsatira zimene zili m’fasho, anali otsutsana, ndipo ena anali odabwitsa kwambiri.

Choncho kodi makolo a masiku ano angatani? Zoona zake n’zoti ambiri asokonezeka, popeza akupeza malangizo, maganizo, ndi mfundo zotsutsana zambiri kuposa kale lonse. Komabe, si makolo onse amene akuona kuti akusowa kolowera. Makolo padziko lonse lapansi akupindula ndi buku la nzeru kwambiri, lomwe ngakhale lili lakale, likadali ndi malangizo ambiri odalirika. Nkhani yotsatirayi isonyeza zimenezi.