Kodi Chinthu Chamadzimadzi Chofunika Kwambiri N’chiti?

“Magazi ndi ofunika kwambiri pochiritsa matenda monga momwe mafuta alili ofunika pa kayendedwe ka magalimoto.”—Anatero Arthur Caplan, mkulu wa malo oona za momwe njira zatsopano zothandizira odwala zimakhudzira chikhalidwe, pa yunivesite ya Pennsylvania.

KODI mafuta ndiwo chinthu chamadzimadzi chofunika kuposa zonse? Masiku ano pamene mtengo wa mafuta ukukwera kwambiri, anthu ambiri angaganize choncho. Koma zoona zake n’zoti aliyense wa ife amanyamula m’thupi mwake malita angapo a chinthu chamadzimadzi chomwe chili chofunika kwambiri kuposa mafuta. Taganizirani izi: Chaka chilichonse akamachotsa mu nthaka migolo mabiliyoni ambiri ya mafuta kuti anthu aziwagwiritsa ntchito, mabotolo pafupifupi 90 miliyoni a magazi amachotsedwa m’matupi a anthu pofuna kuthandiza odwala. * Nambala yaikulu imeneyi ikuimira magazi a anthu pafupifupi 8 miliyoni.

Komabe, mofanana ndi mafuta, magazi nawonso akusowa. Azachipatala padziko lonse akuchenjeza za kusowa kwa magazi. (Onani bokosi lakuti “Akusowa Pogwira.”) Kodi n’chiyani chimachititsa magazi kukhala ofunika kwambiri?

Magazi Ali Ngati Chiwalo Chodabwitsa

Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kodabwitsa, magazi nthawi zambiri amawayerekezera ndi chiwalo cha thupi. Dr. Bruce Lenes anafotokozera Galamukani! kuti “magazi ndi chimodzi cha ziwalo zambiri za m’thupi, ndipo ndi odabwitsa kwambiri komanso osiyana ndi chinthu china chilichonse.” Ndi osiyanadi ndi chinthu china chilichonse! Buku lina limati magazi ndi “chiwalo chokhacho m’thupi chomwe chili chamadzimadzi.” Buku lomwelo linati magazi ali ngati “chinthu chamoyo chonyamulira zinthu.” Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza chiyani?

Wasayansi wina dzina lake N. Leigh Anderson anati, mitsempha ya magazi ili ngati ngalande za madzi zomwe zimanyamula zinthu zabwino ndi zoipa. Magazi akamayenda m’thupi mwathu, womwe uli ulendo wa makilomita 100,000, amafika ku ziwalo zonse za m’thupi, kuphatikizapo mtima, impso, chiwindi, ndi mapapo, zomwe ndi ziwalo zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakonza magazi ndiponso zimadalira magazi.

Magazi amabweretsa zinthu zabwino zambiri ku maselo a m’thupi, monga mpweya wa okosijeni, zakudya, ndi chitetezo, koma amachotsanso zoipa, monga mpweya woipa, maselo owonongeka komanso amene atsala pang’ono kufa, ndi zoipa zina. Ntchito imene magazi amagwira yochotsa zoipa m’thupi ndi imene imachititsa kuti kukhudza magazi akachoka m’thupi kukhale koopsa. Ndipo palibe amene angatsimikizire kuti zoipa zonse m’magazi zadziwika ndi kuchotsedwa asanapatsidwe kwa munthu wina.

 N’zosachita kufunsa kuti magazi amagwira ntchito zimene zili zofunika kwambiri kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo. N’chifukwa chake madokotala amaika magazi anthu amene ataya magaziwo. Madokotala ambiri anganene kuti kugwiritsa ntchito magazi mwa njira imeneyi n’kumene kumawachititsa kukhala ofunika kwambiri. Komabe, zinthu zikusintha pakati pa madokotala. Pang’ono ndi pang’ono, pakhala kusintha kwakukulu mwakachetechete pa nkhani zachipatala. Madokotala ambiri, kuphatikizapo madokotala ochita maopaleshoni, sakufulumiranso kuika anthu magazi ngati mmene ankachitira kale. Chifukwa chiyani?

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 4]

Akusowa Pogwira

Akatswiri a zamankhwala akuti mwina mabotolo ena 200 miliyoni a magazi akufunika kuti aziperekedwa chaka chilichonse padziko lonse. M’mayiko osauka mumakhala anthu 82 pa anthu 100 alionse a padziko lapansi, koma 40 peresenti yokha ya magazi ndi imene imaperekedwa kuchokera m’mayiko amenewa. Zipatala zambiri m’mayiko amenewa zimachiza anthu popanda kuwaika magazi. Nyuzipepala yotchedwa The Nation ya ku Kenya inati, ‘tsiku lililonse, pafupifupi theka la odwala ofunika kuwaika magazi amalephera kuthandizidwa kapena amawauza kuti adzathandizidwa tsiku lina chifukwa chosowa magazi.’

Kusowa kwa magazi operekedwa n’kofalanso m’mayiko olemera. Pamene anthu akukhala ndi moyo wautali ndiponso luso la zachipatala lapita patsogolo, maopaleshoni achuluka. Komanso, anthu ambiri ofuna kupereka magazi masiku ano amawabweza chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo woti akhoza kutenga matenda mosavuta kapena chifukwa choti anapita ku dera lina kumene mwina akhoza kutengako matenda kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Anthu amene amagwira ntchito yosunga magazi akuoneka kuti akusowa pogwira. Achinyamata, amene nthawi zambiri amakhala moyo wabwinoko, ndi amene akukonda kuwapempha kuti azipereka magazi. Mwachitsanzo, ku Zimbabwe, ana asukulu ndi amene amapereka 70 peresenti ya magazi onse operekedwa. Malo olandirira magazi akumakhala otsegula kwa maola ambiri patsiku, ndipo m’mayiko ena boma limaloleza anthu ogwira ntchito malo amenewa kupatsa anthu kangachepe kuti awanyengerere kuyamba kupereka magazi ndi kupitiriza kutero. Dziko la Czech Republic linapempha anthu kuti abwere adzamwe mowa wambiri waulere posinthanitsana ndi ena mwa magazi awo! M’dera lina la ku India, akuluakulu a boma ankayenda khomo ndi khomo pofunafuna anthu amene angapereke magazi chifukwa magazi anali atatha kumalo awo osungira magazi.