Ijambo rya Yehova ni rizima:

Ingingo z’ingenzi z’ibikubiye mu gitabo cya Nehemiya

HARI hashize imyaka cumi n’ibiri ibintu bya nyuma bivugwa mu gitabo cya Ezira bibaye. Ubwo noneho igihe cyari cyegereje ngo ‘bategeke kubaka i Yerusalemu bayisana’; icyo gihe kikaba cyari kuranga intangiriro y’ibyumweru 70 by’imyaka byari kugeza kuri Mesiya (Daniyeli 9:24-27). Igitabo cya Nehemiya kirimo amateka yaranze abari bagize ubwoko bw’Imana igihe basanaga inkike za Yerusalemu. Gikubiyemo ibintu by’ingenzi byabaye mu gihe cy’imyaka 12, kuva mu mwaka wa 456 kugera mu wa 443 Mbere ya Yesu.

Icyo gitabo cyanditswe n’Umutware Nehemiya, kivuga inkuru ishishikaje igaragaza ukuntu ugusenga k’ukuri guhabwa umwanya ukomeye, iyo abantu biyemeje kugira icyo bakora kandi bakishingikiriza byimazeyo kuri Yehova Imana. Kigaragaza neza ukuntu Yehova agira uruhare mu gutuma imigambi ye igerwaho. Nanone, kivuga inkuru y’umuyobozi ukomeye kandi w’intwari. Ubutumwa buri mu gitabo cya Nehemiya buha abantu bose basenga by’ukuri amasomo y’ingenzi cyane, “kuko ijambo ry’Imana ari rizima, [kandi] rifite imbaraga.”—Abaheburayo 4:12.

‘INKIKE ZARASHYIZE ZIRUZURA’

(Nehemiya 1:1–6:19)

Nehemiya yari i Shushani mu ngoro y’Umwami Aritazeruzi (Longue-main), aho yari afite umwanya ukomeye. Nuko amaze kumva ko bene wabo ‘bari baragize amakuba menshi batukwa, kandi inkike z’i Yerusalemu zarasenyutse n’amarembo yaho yarahiye,’ arahangayika cyane. Niko gusenga Imana ayinginga cyane ngo imuyobore (Nehemiya 1:3, 4). Bigeze aho, umwami abona ko Nehemiya ababaye cyane, maze amuha uruhushya rwo kujya i Yerusalemu.

Nehemiya amaze kugera i Yerusalemu, yahengereye nijoro ajya kugenzura uko inkike za Yerusalemu zari zimeze, hanyuma abwira Abayahudi umugambi we wo kuzisana. Ariko batangiye kubaka, ababarwanya na bo barahaguruka. Icyakora, umutware w’intwari Nehemiya yayoboye imirimo maze “inkike [zirashyira] ziruzura.”—Nehemiya 6:15.

Ibibazo bishingiye ku Byanditswe byashubijwe:

1:1; 2:1​—Mbese ‘umwaka wa makumyabiri’ uvugwa muri iyi mirongo yombi wabazwe bahereye ku gihe kimwe? Mu by’ukuri, iyo mirongo yombi yerekeza ku mwaka wa 20 umwami Aritazeruzi ari ku ngoma. Icyakora, uburyo bwo kubara bwakoreshejwe muri iyo mirongo yombi buratandukanye. Amateka agaragaza ko Aritazeruzi yimitswe mu mwaka wa 475 Mbere ya Yesu. Kubera ko abanditsi b’Abanyababuloni bari bamenyereye kubara imyaka abami b’Abaperesi babaga bamaze ku ngoma bahereye ku kwezi kwa Nisani (hagati ya Werurwe na Mata) bakageza ku kundi kwezi kwa Nisani, Aritazeruzi yatangiye gutegeka muri Nisani y’umwaka wa 474 Mbere ya Yesu. Ubwo rero, umwaka wa 20 umwami ari ku ngoma uvugwa muri Nehemiya 2:1, watangiye muri Nisani y’umwaka wa 455 Mbere ya Yesu. Birumvikana ko ukwezi kwa Kisilevu (hagati y’Ugushyingo n’Ukuboza) kuvugwa muri  Nehemiya 1:1 kwari Kisilevu y’umwaka wabanjirije uwo, ni ukuvuga umwaka wa 456 Mbere ya Yesu. Nehemiya avuga ko uko kwezi na ko guhurirana n’umwaka wa 20 w’ubwami bwa Aritazeruzi. Aha rero, birashoboka ko yabaze iyo myaka ahereye ku itariki ubwo bwami bwatangiriyeho. Nehemiya ashobora no kuba yarabaze icyo gihe ahereye ku mwaka usanzwe w’Abayahudi utangira mu kwezi kwa Tishiri, ni ukuvuga hagati y’ukwezi kwa Nzeri n’Ukwakira. Aho yaba yarahereye hose, itegeko ryo gusana Yerusalemu ryatanzwe mu mwaka wa 455 Mbere ya Yesu.

4:17-18​—Ni gute umuntu yari gusana inkike akoresheje ukuboko kumwe? Ku bantu bikoreraga imitwaro, ibyo ntibyari ikibazo. Iyo babaga bamaze gushyira umutwaro ku mutwe cyangwa ku rutugu, bashoboraga kuwufatisha ukuboko kumwe “ukundi gufashe intwaro.” Abubatsi babaga bakeneye gukoresha amaboko yombi, ‘bose babaga bafite inkota zabo mu rukenyerero, bakubaka bameze batyo.’ Babaga biteguye kurwana igihe cyose umwanzi yari gutera.

5:7​—Kuki Nehemiya ‘yatonganyije imfura n’abatware’? Abo bagabo bicaga itegeko rya Mose baguriza Abayahudi bagenzi babo bakabaka inyungu (Abalewi 25:36; Gutegeka 23:20). Byongeye kandi, inyungu bakaga zari zirenze urugero. Kwaka “kimwe mu ijana” buri kwezi, byari kuba bingana no kwaka 12 ku ijana ku mwaka (Nehemiya 5:11). Gusaba abo bantu inyungu zingana zityo kandi basanzwe bifitiye ibibazo byo kubona imisoro n’ibyokurya, byari ubugome. Bityo rero, Nehemiya yacyashye abakire akoresheje Amategeko y’Imana.

6:5​—Ko ubusanzwe inzandiko zabaga zirimo amabanga zoherezwaga zifunze, kuki Sanibalati yoherereje Nehemiya “urwandiko rurambuye”? Sanibalati ashobora kuba yarohereje urwo rwandiko rufunguye ashaka ko abaturage bose bamenya ibinyoma yashinjaga Nehemiya na bagenzi be. Wenda ashobora kuba yaratekerezaga ko ibyo byari gutuma Nehemiya arakara cyane ku buryo yari guhagarika kubaka maze akajya kumurwanya. Sanibalati ashobora no kuba yaratekereje ko ibyari mu rwandiko byari gutuma Abayahudi bashyuha imitwe, bagahagarika kubaka. Nehemiya ntiyakanzwe n’ibyo, ahubwo yakomeje gusohoza inshingano yari yahawe n’Imana nta bwoba.

Icyo ibyo bitwigisha:

1:4; 2:4; 3:36, 37. Mu gihe duhanganye n’imimerere igoranye cyangwa tugomba gufata imyanzuro ikomeye, twagombye ‘gukomeza gusenga’ kandi tugakora ibihuje n’ubuyobozi bwo mu Ijambo ry’Imana.—Abaroma 12:12.

1:11–2:8; 3:36, 37; 4:9, 10; 6:16. Yehova asubiza amasengesho y’abagaragu be bamusenga babikuye ku mutima.—Zaburi 86:6, 7.

1:4; 4:13, 14; 6:3, 15. Nubwo Nehemiya yagiraga impuhwe, yatanze urugero rwiza cyane agira icyo akora kugira ngo arwanirire gukiranuka atajenjetse.

1:11–2:3. Icyatumaga Nehemiya yishima, ahanini si umwanya yari afite wo kuba umuhereza wa vino, ahubwo ni ibikorwa byo guteza imbere ugusenga k’ukuri. Mbese gusenga Yehova no gukora ibikorwa byose bigamije guteza imbere uko gusenga k’ukuri, si byo twagombye gushyira mu mwanya wa mbere kandi tukaba ari byo twishimira kurusha ibindi?

2:4-8. Yehova yatumye  Aritazeruzi aha Nehemiya uruhushya rwo kujya gusana inkike za Yerusaremu. Mu Migani 21:1 hagira hati “umutima w’umwami uri mu kuboko k’Uwiteka, awuganisha aho ashatse hose nk’uyobora amazi mu migende yayo.”

3:5, 27. Ntitwagombye kubona ko imirimo y’amaboko dukora dushyigikira ugusenga k’ukuri idusuzuguza nk’uko “imfura” z’i Tekowa zabyumvaga. Ahubwo, twakwigana ab’i Tekowa bitanze babikunze.

3:10, 23, 28-30. Nubwo hari abantu bimukira aho ababwiriza b’Ubwami bakenewe cyane, abenshi muri twe bashyigikira ugusenga k’ukuri bari iwabo. Natwe dushobora kubigenza dutyo twifatanya mu mirimo yo kubaka Amazu y’Ubwami, dufasha abagwiririwe n’amakuba, ariko cyane cyane tubwiriza iby’Ubwami.

4:14. Mu gihe dutotezwa, gukomeza kuzirikana ‘Ukomeye uteye ubwoba’ bizaturinda gutinya.

5:14-19. Umutware Nehemiya yabereye abagenzuzi b’Abakristo urugero ruhebuje mu birebana no kwicisha bugufi, kutarangwa n’ubwikunde no kugira ubwenge. Nubwo yagiraga ishyaka ryo gushishikariza abantu gukurikiza Amategeko y’Imana, ntiyabakandamizaga kandi ntiyashakaga inyungu ze. Ahubwo yitaga ku bakandamizwa no ku bakene. Nehemiya yabereye urugero rwiza abagaragu b’Imana bose mu birebana no kugira ubuntu.

“MANA YANJYE, UJYE UNYIBUKA UBINSHIMIRE”

(Nehemiya 7:1–13:31)

Inkike za Yerusalemu zikimara kuzura, Nehemiya yahise ashyiraho amarembo kandi ashyiraho gahunda yo kubungabunga umutekano w’umujyi. Hanyuma yakoze urutonde rw’ibisekuru by’abaturage. Ubwo abantu bose bateraniraga “ku karubanda ku irembo ry’amazi,” umutambyi Ezira yabasomeye mu gitabo cy’Amategeko ya Mose, Nehemiya n’Abalewi barayabasobanurira (Nehemiya 8:1). Bamaze kumenya iby’Umunsi mukuru w’ingando bawizihije bishimye cyane.

Hanyuma bongeye guteranira hamwe, abari bagize “urubyaro rw’Abisirayeli” batura ibyaha by’ishyanga ryose, Abalewi babasubiriramo ibyo Imana yabakoreye, maze abantu barahirira “ko bazajya bagendera mu mategeko y’Imana” (Nehemiya 9:1, 2; 10:30). Kubera ko icyo gihe Yerusalemu yari ituwe n’abantu bake cyane, bafindiye ko umuntu umwe mu icumi mu babaga hanze y’umurwa wa Yerusalemu yimukira mu murwa. Nyuma yaho bataha izo nkike bishimye cyane ku buryo ‘umunezero wo muri Yerusalemu wumvikaniraga kure’ (Nehemiya 12:43). Nehemiya yavuye i Yerusalemu ahamaze imyaka cumi n’ibiri, asubira ku mirimo ye kwa Aritazeruzi. Icyakora, ibikorwa bibi ntibyatinze gucengera mu Bayahudi. Aho Nehemiya agarukiye i Yerusalemu, yafashe imyanzuro ikomeye yo gukosora ibintu. We ubwe yasenze yicishije bugufi ati “Mana yanjye, ujye unyibuka ubinshimire.”—Nehemiya 13:31.

Ibibazo bishingiye ku Byanditswe byashubijwe:

7:6-67—Kuki urutonde rwakozwe na Nehemiya rw’abantu basigaye bagarutse i Yerusalemu bayobowe na Zerubabeli rutandukanye n’urwakozwe na Ezira ku birebana n’ababaga bagize buri muryango (Ezira 2:1-65)? Iryo tandukaniro rishobora kuba ryaratewe n’uko aho Ezira na Nehemiya bavanye ayo mazina hatandukanye. Urugero, umubare w’abantu bibaruje kugira ngo batahuke utandukanye  n’uw’abatahutse. Iryo tandukaniro nanone rishobora kuba ryaratewe n’uko mbere hari Abayahudi bananiwe kuvuga ibisekuru byabo, bakaza kubivuga nyuma. Icyakora, izo nkuru zombi zihuriza ku kintu kimwe: ababanje gutahuka bari 42.360, utabariyemo abagaragu n’abaririmbyi.

10:35—Kuki abantu basabwe gutanga amaturo y’inkwi? Amaturo y’inkwi ntiyasabwaga mu Mategeko ya Mose. Ibyo byatewe gusa n’uko zari zikenewe. Hari hakenewe inkwi nyinshi kugira ngo bashobore kosereza ibitambo ku gicaniro. Uko bigaragara, nta Banetinimu bahagije bari bahari, abo bakaba bari abagaragu bakoraga mu rusengero, ariko atari Abisirayeli. Bafindiye uko imiryango yari kujya izana izo nkwi kugira ngo zitabura.

13:6—Nehemiya yamaze igihe kingana iki atari i Yerusalemu? Bibiliya ivuga gusa ko “hashize iminsi” Nehemiya yasabye umwami uruhushya rwo gusubira i Yerusalemu. Bityo rero, ntibyoroshye kumenya neza igihe yamaze adahari. Ariko Nehemiya agera i Yerusalemu, yasanze nta muntu ugifasha abatambyi, nta n’ucyubahiriza Isabato. Abenshi bari barashatse abagore b’abanyamahanga, ndetse ababakomokaho ntibavugaga ururimi rw’Abayahudi. Kugira ngo ibintu bigere ubwo bizamba bityo, ni uko Nehemiya agomba kuba yari amaze igihe kirekire adahari.

13:25, 28—Uretse ‘gutonganya’ Abayahudi bari baratandukiriye, ni ibihe bihano bindi Nehemiya yabahaye? Nehemiya ‘yarabavumye’ kuko yabasubiriyemo urubanza Imana yari kubacira rwari mu Mategeko y’Imana. Bamwe ‘yarabakubise,’ wenda kuko ari cyo gihano bari bakatiwe. Kugira ngo agaragaze akababaro ke, bamwe ‘yabapfuye umusatsi.’ Yanirukanye umwuzukuru w’Umutambyi mukuru Eliyashibu wari umukwe wa Sanibalati Umuhoroni.

Icyo ibyo bitwigisha:

8:8. Kubera ko turi abigisha b’Ijambo ry’Imana, ‘turisobanura’ mu mvugo yumvikana kandi tugatsindagiriza aho bikwiriye. Dusobanura neza imirongo y’Ibyanditswe kandi tukagaragaza neza uko yashyirwa mu bikorwa.

8:10. Umuntu ‘yishimira’ Yehova iyo abonye ibintu byo mu buryo bw’umwuka aba akeneye, kandi agakurikiza ubuyobozi bwa gitewokarasi. Mbega ukuntu ari iby’ingenzi ko twiga Bibiliya dushishikaye, tukajya mu materaniro ya gikristo buri gihe, kandi tugakorana umwete umurimo wo kubwiriza Ubwami no guhindura abantu abigishwa!

11:2. Kuba abantu barasize gakondo zabo bakimukira i Yerusalemu, byabasabye kugira ibyo bigomwa no kwemera kugira ibyo batakaza. Abo bantu bitanze batyo bagaragaje umwuka wo kwigomwa. Natwe dushobora kugaragaza umwuka nk’uwo igihe tubonye uburyo bwo kwitangira imirimo ifitiye abandi akamaro, nko mu makoraniro cyangwa ikindi gihe.

12:31, 38, 40-42. Kuririmba ni uburyo bwiza cyane bwo gusingiza Yehova no kumugaragariza ko tumushimira. Twagombye kuririmba n’umutima wacu wose mu materaniro ya gikristo.

13:4-31. Tugomba kuba maso kugira ngo gukunda ubutunzi, ruswa, n’ubuhakanyi bitangiza imibereho yacu.

13:22. Nehemiya yari azi neza ko hari icyo Imana izamubaza. Natwe tugomba kumenya ko Yehova afite icyo azatubaza.

Kwemerwa na Yehova ni byo by’ingenzi

Umwanditsi wa Zaburi yararirimbye ati “Uwiteka iyo atari we wubaka inzu abayubaka baba baruhira ubusa” (Zaburi 127:1). Mbega ukuntu igitabo cya Nehemiya kigaragaza neza ukuntu ayo magambo ari ukuri!

Isomo tuvanamo riragaragara. Niba dushaka kugira icyo tugeraho mu byo dukora byose, tugomba kubanza kwemerwa na Yehova. Mbese dushobora kwitega ko Yehova yaduha imigisha tudashyize ugusenga k’ukuri mu mwanya wa mbere mu mibereho yacu? Kimwe na Nehemiya rero, nimucyo twiyemeze gushyira mu mwanya wa mbere gahunda yo gusenga Yehova n’ibindi bikorwa bigamije kuyishyigikira.

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 8]

“Umutima w’umwami uri mu kuboko k’Uwiteka, awuganisha aho ashatse hose nk’uyobora amazi mu migende yayo”

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 9]

Nehemiya wari umugabo utajenjeka kandi ugira impuhwe aza i Yerusalemu

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 10 n’iya 11]

Mbese uzi ‘gusobanura’ Ijambo ry’Imana?