Inama zitangwa n’“impuguke” zigera aho zigata agaciro

IYO wanditse ijambo “inama” hamwe n’ijambo “kurera abana” muri umwe mu miyoboro ya interineti ikorerwaho ubushakashatsi kandi ikoreshwa n’abantu benshi, uhita ubona ahantu harenga miriyoni 26 ushobora gusanga ayo magambo. Uramutse ufashe umunota umwe gusa ugasoma buri hantu hose usanze ayo magambo, wazajya kurangiza kuhasoma hose umwana wawe yaramaze gukura ndetse atakiba mu rugo.

Ese ubundi, mbere y’uko habaho abaganga bavura abana, abahanga mu by’imitekerereze n’imyifatire y’abana ndetse na interineti, ababyeyi bashakiraga he inama zo kurera abana? Muri rusange, bazishakiraga muri bene wabo. Ba nyina, ba se, ba nyirasenge na ba nyirarume, babaga biteguye kandi bafite ubushobozi bwo kubaha ubuyobozi, ubufasha bw’amafaranga no kubarerera. Ariko mu bihugu byinshi, kuba abantu benshi baragiye bava mu byaro bakajya kwibera mu mijyi, byatumye imishyikirano ya bugufi nk’iyo yahuzaga abantu bafitanye isano isa n’aho icitse burundu. Akenshi, muri iki gihe umugabo n’umugore we ni bo bonyine birwanaho mu gusohoza inshingano itoroshye yo kurera abana.

Nta gushidikanya ko iyo ari imwe mu mpamvu zatumye ibikorwa bizana inyungu bijyanye no gutanga inama zo kurera abana byiyongera mu buryo bwihuse muri iki gihe. Indi mpamvu ni uko igitekerezo cy’uko siyansi ishobora gutanga inama z’ingirakamaro cyamamaye cyane. Ahagana mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1800, abaturage bo muri Amerika bemeraga rwose ko siyansi ishobora gutuma abantu batera imbere mu nzego zitandukanye z’imibereho. Ibyo byatumaga bumva ko siyansi ishobora no kubafasha mu kurera abana. Bityo, mu mwaka wa 1899, igihe ikigo cyo muri Amerika cyita ku burere n’imibereho myiza y’abana (American National Congress of Mothers) cyinubiraga ku mugaragaro “ubushobozi buke bw’ababyeyi” mu birebana no kurera abana, “impuguke nyinshi mu buhanga bwo kurera abana” zahise zigaragaza zivuga ko zagira icyo zimarira ababyeyi. Izo mpuguke zasezeranyije ababyeyi ko zizabafasha mu murimo utoroshye wo kurera abana babo.

Bashakiye inama mu bitabo

Ariko se izo mpuguke zageze ku ki? Ese imihangayiko ababyeyi bafite muri iki gihe ku birebana no kurera abana yaragabanutse ugereranyije n’abo hambere? Ese ababyeyi bo muri iki gihe bafite ibikenewe mu kurera abana kurusha ababyeyi bo hambere? Dukurikije iperereza riherutse gukorwa mu Bwongereza, nta cyo babarusha. Iryo perereza ryagaragaje ko ababyeyi 35 ku ijana bafite abana bato, bagishakisha inama ziringirwa zabafasha kurera abana. Abandi bo bumva ko nta handi babona inama, bagahitamo kurera abana bakurikije uko babyumva.

Mu gitabo Ann Hulbert yanditse, yakoze ubushakashatsi agaragaza ingaruka ibitabo byanditswe n’abahanga mu byo kurera abana byagize (Raising America: Experts, Parents, and a Century of Advice About Children). Hulbert ufite abana babiri, avuga ko mu bintu impuguke zagezeho, bike gusa ari byo bishingiye ku bihamya bifatika bihuje na siyansi. Aho kugira ngo inama zabo zibe zishingiye ku bintu by’ukuri byabayeho, ziba zishingiye ahanini ku bintu bo ubwabo bahuye na byo mu buzima. Iyo dushubije amaso inyuma, tubona ko ibyinshi mu byo banditse nta gaciro kagaragara bifite, ko bivuguruzanya ndetse rimwe na rimwe usanga bitagira epfo na ruguru.

None se, muri iki gihe ababyeyi bari mu yihe mimerere? Tuvugishije ukuri, abenshi bari mu rujijo kuko bahabwa ibitekerezo n’inama byinshi kandi bivuguruzanya kurusha mbere hose. Ariko kandi, ababyeyi bose si ko babuze aho bashakira inama zo kurera abana. Hari ababyeyi bo hirya no hino ku isi bafashwa n’inama ziboneka mu gitabo cya kera gikubiyemo ubwenge, kandi kugeza ubu byaragaragaye ko inama zigikubiyemo ari izo kwiringirwa nk’uko ingingo ikurikira ibigaragaza.