Umwanzuro uherutse gufatwa n’Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu, wongeye gushimangira uburenganzira bw’abasore bafite umutimanama utabemerera kujya mu gisirikare. Ku itariki ya 12 Ukwakira 2017, urwo rukiko rwafashe umwanzuro ku rubanza Adyan n’abandi baburanagamo na Arumeniya. Uwo mwanzuro wagaragazaga imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare abo basore bagombaga guhabwa.

Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu rwamaze imyaka myinshi rudashyigikira uburenganzira bwo kuyoborwa n’umutimanama, kandi ibyo byatumye abantu benshi batotezwa baranafungwa. Icyakora, uko urwo rukiko rwabonaga icyo kibazo byahindutse mu mwaka wa 2011 mu rubanza Bayatyan yaburanagamo na Arumeniya, kuko rwemeje ko kuyoborwa n’umutimanama ari uburenganzira bw’ibanze bw’umuntu. Mu rubanza ruheruka rwa Adyan, urwo rukiko rwavuze ko abantu umutimanama wabo utemerera kujya mu gisirikare, bafite uburenganzira bwo gukora imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare, kandi ko batagomba kuyihabwa nk’aho ari igihano.

Uburyo urwo rukiko rwagiye rurengera abavandimwe bacu bo muri Arumeniya harimo Bayatyan na Adyan, byatumye leta ya Arumeniya ihindura uko yafataga abantu bafite umutimanama utabemerera kujya mu gisirikare.

Yahannye abantu aho kubaha imirimo isimbura iya gisirikare. Igihe Arumeniya yinjiraga mu Nama Nkuru y’Ibihugu by’i Burayi mu mwaka wa 2001, yiyemeje gushyiraho itegeko rigenga iby’imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare, rihuje n’amahame agenga ibihugu by’i Burayi, maze ishyiraho imirimo itagenzurwa n’igisirikare kandi idakorwa nk’igihano. Nanone yemeye guha imbabazi abantu bose bayoborwa n’umutimanama wabo. * Icyakora, Arumeniya yagombaga kubahiriza ayo masezerano igihe yasabaga Umuhamya wa Yehova witwa Vahan Bayatyan kujya mu gisirikare. Mu wa 2002, yakatiwe n’urukiko maze afungwa azira ko yanze gukora imirimo ya gisirikare, kandi Arumeniya ntiyari yarashyizeho imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura ya gisirikare. Mu wa 2003, Bayatyan yashyikirije ikirego Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu avuga ko igihe Arumeniya yamufungaga, yarengereye uburenganzira bwe bwo kuyoborwa n’umutimanama no guhitamo idini ashaka.

Yashyizeho imirimo ya gisiviri idakwiriye kandi igatanga n’ibihano. Mu mwaka wa 2004, Arumeniya yashyizeho itegeko rigenga imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare, kandi abasore benshi b’Abahamya bemeye kuyikora aho kujya mu gisirikare. Icyakora, bamaze kwiyandikisha, babonye ko iyo mirimo yagenzurwaga n’igisirikare aho kugenzurwa n’abasiviri, maze bahitamo kureka kuyikora. Ibyo byatumye batotezwa kandi barafungwa. Muri Gicurasi 2006, Hayk Khachatryan n’abandi Bahamya 18 umutimanama wabo utemerera kujya mu gisirikare, batanze ikirego muri rwa Rukiko rw’u Burayi, bavuga ko uburenganzira bwabo bwarengerewe. *

Yamaze imyaka nta cyo irakora. Arumeniya yamaze imyaka myinshi nta cyo irahindura ku itegeko rigenga uko imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare ikorwa. Abahamya bakomeje kwanga gukora iyo mirimo yayoborwaga n’igisirikare bituma Arumeniya ikomeza kubafunga. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2004 (igihe hashyirwagaho imirimo ya gisiviri iyoborwa n’igisirikare) kugera mu wa 2013 (igihe Arumeniya yahinduraga uko iyo mirimo ikorwa), Abahamya 317 bari barahamijwe icyaha maze bafungwa igihe kiri hagati y’imyaka ibiri n’itatu.

Muri icyo gihe cyose, Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu rwagendaga biguru ntege muri icyo kibazo. Mu wa 2009, rwasuzumye ikirego cya Bayatyan cyavugaga ko Ingingo ya 9 yo mu Masezerano y’Ibihugu by’i Burayi, imuha uburenganzira bwo kuyoborwa n’umutimanama we utamwemerera kujya mu gisirikare no guhitamo idini ashaka. Icyakora, urwo rukiko rwahatiwe gukurikiza uburyo rwagiye ruca imanza mu gihe cyahise. Rwakomeje kuvuga ko mbere na mbere, igihugu ari cyo gihitamo kwemera uburenganzira abaturage bacyo bafite bwo kutajya mu gisirikare. Iyo kitabwemera, iyo ngingo ya 9 ntishobora gukoreshwa mu kurengera abantu banga kujya mu gisirikare. Bitewe n’uko uwo mwanzuro wari utandukanye n’amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera abantu bayoborwa n’umutimanama wabo, abavoka ba Bayatyan bagejeje icyo kibazo mu Rugereko Rukuru rw’Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu ngo rwongere rugisuzume.

Ibintu bihinduka. Igihe urwo rugereko rwongeraga gusuzuma icyo kibazo cya Bayatyan, ni bwo ibintu byahindutse. Ku itariki ya 7 Nyakanga 2011, ni bwo urwo rukiko rwemeye ku nshuro ya mbere ko Ingingo ya 9 yo mu Masezerano y’Ibihugu by’i Burayi, irengera abantu umutimanama wabo utemerera kujya mu gisirikare. Rwavuze ko ayo masezerano “afite agaciro” kandi ko iyo uyasesenguye ugomba kuzirikana amategeko yemeranyijweho n’ibihugu by’i Burayi n’ibindi. Umwanzuro wafashwe n’urwo rugereko washyigikiye uburenganzira bw’abantu bayoborwa n’umutimanama mu Burayi, kandi wategekaga Arumeniya gushyiraho imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare ku bantu imitimanama itemerera kujya mu gisirikare.

“Iyo umuntu afashe umwanzuro wo kutajya mu gisirikare, bitewe n’imyizerere ye cyangwa umutimanama we, aba afite uburenganzira bwo kutajyayo nubwo yaba ari mu gihugu gitegeka abantu kujya mu gisirikare, nk’uko bivugwa mu Ngingo ya 9.”—Urubanza Bayatyan yaburanagamo na Arumeniya [GC], nomero. 23459/03, § 110, Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu 2011

Imirimo isimbura iya gisirikare yakomeje kuba ikibazo. Mu mpeshyi yo mu mwaka wa 2011, Abahamya bane bo muri Arumeniya, harimo na Artur Adyan, bahamijwe icyaha kandi bafungwa bazira kwanga gukora imirimo isimbura iya gisirikare, kuko yagenzurwaga n’igisirikare. Bashyikirije ikirego cyabo Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu, bavuga ko Arumeniya yarengereye uburenganzira bwabo. Imirimo isimbura iya gisirikare Arumeniya yashyizeho guhera muri 2004, ntiyari ihuje n’amahame agenga ibihugu by’u Burayi kandi yari inyuranyije n’umutimanama wabo bavandimwe.

Ikibazo cyo gukora imirimo igenzurwa n’igisirikare. Ku itariki ya 27 Ugushyingo 2012, Urugereko Rukuru rw’Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu rwaciye urubanza Khachatryan n’abandi baburanagamo na Arumeniya. Urwo rubanza rwarimo n’abandi Bahamya 19 banze gukora imirimo ya gisiviri kubera ko yagenzurwaga n’igisirikare. Urwo rugereko rwafashe umwanzuro w’uko gutoteza abo Bahamya no kubafunga binyuranyije n’amategeko. Nubwo uwo mwanzuro wagaragazaga ko hari abandi batanga ibirego bavuga ko imirimo ya gisiviri igenzurwa n’igisirikare, urukiko ntirwigeze rubyitaho mu rubanza rwa Khachatryan.

Imirimo isimbura iya gisirikare ikwiriye. Mu mpeshyi y’umwaka wa 2013, leta ya Arumeniya yahinduye itegeko rirebana n’imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare, nk’uko yari yarabisezeranyije mu mwaka wa 2000. Mu Kwakira 2013, Abahamya benshi bari bafungiwe muri gereza zo muri Arumeniya barafunguwe, nubwo bake muri bo bahisemo kurangiza igifungo cyabo kuko bari bashigaje igihe gito ngo bafungurwe. Kuva icyo gihe, abantu bose imitimanama yabo itemerera kujya mu gisirikare, bahabwa imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare ikwiriye.

Urubanza rwa Bayatyan n’urwa Khachatryan rwaburanishijwe n’Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu, rwagaragaje ko kuba umuntu atajya mu gisirikare bitewe n’umutimanama we ari uburenganzira bw’ibanze bw’umuntu, kandi ko leta ya Arumeniya igomba kubwubahiriza. Icyakora, urwo rukiko rwemeje ko iyo mirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare itagomba kuba igenzurwa n’igisirikare.

Ibintu byaje gusubira mu buryo ku itariki ya 12 Ukwakira 2017, igihe urwo rukiko rwacaga urubanza rwa Adyan n’abandi baburanagamo na Arumeniya. Mu rubanza rwa Adyan, urwo rukiko rwemeje ko uburenganzira bw’abantu umutimanama utemerera kujya mu gisirikare, bugomba kubahirizwa kandi ko Arumeniya igomba gushyiraho imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare nk’uko bivugwa mu mahame agenga ibihugu by’u Burayi. Imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare, igomba kuba itagenzurwa n’igisirikare kandi itameze nk’igihano. Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu rwahaye indishyi z’akababaro abagabo bihanganiye gufungwa bazira akarengane kandi bakanga gukora iyo mirimo ya gisiviri igenzurwa n’igisirikare.

“Urukiko rwavuze ko uburenganzira buvugwa mu Ngingo ya 9 bwo kwanga kujya mu gisirikare bitewe n’umutimanama bwaba nta cyo bumaze, mu gihe ibihugu byaba byemerewe kwishyiriraho uburyo bwabyo bwo gushyiraho imirimo isimbura iya gisirikare, kandi ugasanga igenzurwa n’igisirikare cyangwa itangwa nk’aho ari igihano.”—Urubanza Adyan n’abandi baburanagamo na Arumeniya, nomero. 75604/11 na 21759/15, § 67, Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu 2017

Mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2018, Abahamya ba Yehova 161 bo muri Arumeniya barangije imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare. Ubu hari n’abandi 105 biyandikishije basaba gukora iyo mirimo. Abahamya ba Yehova hamwe n’abayobozi bagenzura iyo mirimo, bishimiye ko yagize icyo igeraho. Iyo mirimo igirira akamaro abaturage kandi abayikora barayishimira. Nanone yakuyeho ibibazo byabangamiraga uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu byari muri Arumeniya.

Umwe mu bavoka baburanira Abahamya ba Yehova bo muri Arumeniya witwa André Carbonneau yashimiye leta kubera uburyo yakemuye icyo kibazo. Yagize ati: “Iyo urebye uburyo Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu rwagiye ruca imanza zo muri Arumeniya, ubona ko rwashyigikiye uburenganzira bw’abantu umutimanama utemerera kujya mu gisirikare, kuva mu rubanza rwa Bayatyan rwabaye mu wa 2011. Nanone urubanza rwa Khachatryan n’urwa Adyan rwatumye hashyirwaho gahunda yo gushyiraho imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare itagenzurwa n’igisirikare. Twizeye ko n’ibindi bihugu bitarashyiraho imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare, bizigana ibyo Arumeniya yakoze bigashyiraho iyo mirimo ituma abantu umutimanama utemerera kujya mu gisirikare, bafasha abaturage bagenzi babo.”

1. 12 Ukwakira 2017

   Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu rwaciye urubanza Adyan n’abandi baburanagamo na Arumeniya

2. Mutarama 2014

   Abahamya ba mbere bariyandikishije ngo bakore imirimo ya gisiviri isimbura iya gisirikare, batangira no kuyikora

3. 12 Ugushyingo 2013

   Ni ubwa mbere mu myaka 20 yari ishize, utashoboraga kubona Umuhamya ufunze azira kuyoborwa n’umutimanama we

4. 8 Kamena 2013

   Arumeniya yahinduye itegeko rigenga imirimo isimbura iya gisirikare, ritangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu Kwakira 2013

5. 27 Ugushyingo 2012

   Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu rwaciye urubanza Khachatryan n’abandi baburanagamo na Arumeniya

6. 10 Nyakanga 2012

   Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu rwaburanishije Bayatyan rushingiye ku rubanza Bukharatyan yaburanagamo na Arumeniya n’urwo Tsaturyan yaburanagamo na Arumeniya, maze rusanga Arumeniya yararengereye ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 9 igihe yafungaga Abahamya

7. 7 Nyakanga 2011

   Urugereko Rukuru rw’Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu rwasanze Arumeniya itarubahirije uburenganzira umuntu afite bwo kuyoborwa n’umutimanama mu rubanza Bayatyan yaburanagamo na Arumeniya (Rushingiye ku Ngingo ya 9 y’Amategeko Agenga Ibihugu by’u Burayi)

8. 27 Ukwakira 2009

   Urukiko rw’u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu rwaciye urubanza Bayatyan yaburanagamo na Arumeniya, ruvuga ko Ingingo ya 9 yo mu Mategeko Agenga Ibihugu by’u Burayi itarengera abantu banga kujya mu gisirikare babitewe n’umutimanama wabo; urwo rubanza rwahise rushyikirizwa Urugereko Rukuru rw’urwo Rukiko

9. 2004

   Arumeniya yashyizeho itegeko rishyiraho imirimo ya gisiviri ariko igenzurwa n’igisirikare

10. 2001

    Arumeniya yiyemeje gushyiraho itegeko rigenga imirimo isimbura iya gisirikare