Umsebenzi Onzima Ka-Ernst Glück

EMINYAKENI engaphezu kwengu-300 edlule, u-Ernst Glück waqala umsebenzi okunabantu abambalwa emlandweni abaye bawulokotha. Wanquma ukuhumushela iBhayibheli olimini ayengalwazi.

UGlück wazalwa cishe ngo-1654 edolobheni elincane laseWettin, eduze kwaseHalle, eJalimane. Uyise wayengumfundisi waseLuthela, futhi ukuthandwa kwenkolo ekhaya kwenza u-Ernst omncane wazithanda izinto eziphathelene noNkulunkulu. Lapho eneminyaka engu-21 ubudala waphothula izifundo zakhe zemfundiso yenkolo eJalimane futhi wathuthela endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi iLatvia. Ngaleso sikhathi, iningi labantu bakule ndawo lalingafundile, futhi zimbalwa izincwadi ezazikhona ngolimi lwabo. UGlück wabhala: “Lapho ngifika kule ndawo ngisemusha, ingqinamba yokuqala engayiphawula kwakuwukuthi isonto laseLatvia lalingenalo iBhayibheli . . . Lokhu kwangenza nganquma phambi kukaNkulunkulu ukulufunda lolu limi ngilwazi kahle.” Wayezimisele ukuba abantu baseLatvia babe neBhayibheli ngolimi lwabo.

Amalungiselelo Okuhumusha

Ngaleso sikhathi indawo uGlück ahlala kuyo yayibizwa ngokuthi iLivonia futhi yayibuswa iSweden. ELatvia, ummeleli wenkosi yaseSweden kwakunguJohannes Fischer. Wayefuna ukuthuthukisa izinga lemfundo kuleli zwe, efuna nokwenza imali. UGlück wakhuluma noFischer ngokuhumushela iBhayibheli olimini lwaseLatvia. UFischer wayenendawo yokunyathelisa enhloko-dolobha yaseRiga. Ngokunyathelisa iBhayibheli lesiLatvia, wayengathuthukisa umsebenzi wakhe kwezemfundo, mhlawumbe aze agaye nemali. UFischer wacela inkosi yaseSweden uCharles XI ukuba igunyaze lo msebenzi  wokuhumusha. Inkosi yamnikeza imvume futhi yathi izomxhasa ngezimali. Izwi lesinqumo lango-August 31, 1681 elakhishwa inkosi lagunyaza ukuqalwa kwalo msebenzi wokuhumusha.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi uGlück wayezilungiselela. Njengoba ayedabuka eJalimane, wayengasebenzisa inguqulo kaMartin Luther ukuze ahumushe iBhayibheli lesiLatvia. Kodwa uGlück wayefuna ukukhipha inguqulo yekhethelo futhi wanquma ukuthi lokhu kwakudinga ukuba ahumushe esusela olimini lokuqala lwesiHebheru nolwesiGreki. UGlück wayenolwazi oluncane ngezilimi zeBhayibheli, ngakho waya eHamburg, eJalimane, ukuze afunde isiHebheru nesiGreki. Ngesikhathi elapho, uJānis Reiters, umfundisi waseLivonia, cishe wamsiza ngesiLatvia nangesiGreki saseBhayibhelini.

Iminyaka Eminingi Yokusebenza Neyokulinda

Ngo-1680, lapho eseziqedile izifundo zezilimi, uGlück wabuyela eLatvia futhi waba umfundisi. Kungakabiphi wawuqala umsebenzi wakhe wokuhumusha. Ngo-1683, wathola isikhundla esisha sokuba umfundisi wendawo enkulu yase-Alūksne, eyaba yindawo ahumushela kuyo.

Ngaleso sikhathi, isiLatvia sasingenawo amagama nemiqondo eminingi eseBhayibhelini. Ngakho, uGlück wasebenzisa amagama athile esiJalimane lapho ehumusha. Kodwa wenza okusemandleni ukuhumushela iZwi likaNkulunkulu olimini lwaseLatvia, futhi izazi ziyavuma ukuthi inguqulo yakhe isezingeni eliphakeme. UGlück waqamba ngisho namagama amasha, futhi amagama amaningana awaqamba asetshenziswa kakhulu olimini lwaseLatvia. Ahlanganisa amagama esiLatvia asho “isibonelo,” “idili,” “umdondoshiya,” “ukuba inhloli” nelithi “ukufakaza.”

UJohannes Fischer wayehlale eyazisa inkosi yaseSweden ngenqubekela-phambili yomsebenzi wokuhumusha futhi izincwadi ababebhalelana zona zembula ukuthi ngo-1683 uGlück wayesehumushe imiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki. Waliqeda lonke iBhayibheli ngo-1689. Lo msebenzi onzima wamthatha iminyaka engu-8 kuphela. * Kwathatha isikhathi eside ukuba leli Bhayibheli linyatheliswe, kodwa ngo-1694 wawufinyelela umgomo wakhe—uhulumeni wagunyaza  ukusakazwa kwaleli Bhayibheli lesiLatvia emphakathini.

Ezinye izazimlando ziye zangabaza ukuthi inguqulo yeBhayibheli kaGlück yenziwa nguye yedwa. Akungabazeki ukuthi wasebenzisa inguqulo kaLuther futhi wafaka izingxenye zeBhayibheli zesiLatvia ezase zikhona kakade. Nokho, lezi zingxenye zimbalwa kakhulu enguqulweni yakhe. Bakhona yini ababemsiza ekuhumusheni? UGlück wayesizwa umuntu othile ngesikhathi ehumusha futhi kunabathile abasiza ngokuhlola nokulungisa amaphutha nokuqinisekisa ukuthi inguqulo yakhe isezingeni eliphakeme. Nokho, kubonakala sengathi usizo lwabo lwalungahileli ukuhumusha ngokwako. Ngakho kungenzeka ukuthi uGlück wahumusha yedwa.

Inguqulo kaGlück yaba ingqophamlando ekuthuthukiseni ukubhalwa kwesiLatvia, kodwa yaba nomphumela obaluleke nakakhulu. Ekugcineni, abantu baseLatvia base bengafunda iZwi likaNkulunkulu ngolimi lwabo futhi bamukele izimfundiso zalo ezinikeza ukuphila. Abakakukhohlwa abakwenzelwa u-Ernst Glück. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-300 abantu base-Alūksne benakekela izihlahla ezimbili ze-oki ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-Glika ozoli, noma ama-oki kaGlück. UGlück wazitshala ngenjongo yokuhalalisela iBhayibheli lesiLatvia. Kunomnyuziyamu omncane e-Alūksne onezinguqulo zeBhayibheli ezihlukahlukene, futhi phakathi kwazo kunekhophi eyanyatheliswa ngesikhathi kunyatheliswa inguqulo kaGlück okokuqala. Umfanekiso wase-Alūksne ubonisa iBhayibheli kanye nonyaka ka-1689, okuwunyaka uGlück awuqeda ngawo umsebenzi wakhe.

Umsebenzi Awenza Kamuva

Ngemva nje kokufika eLatvia, uGlück waqala ukufunda isiRashiya. Ngo-1699 wabhala wathi ugcwalisa esinye isifiso ayenaso—ukuhumushela iBhayibheli kulolo limi. Encwadini ayibhala ngo-1702, wathi wayeseqalile ukubukeza iBhayibheli lesiLatvia. Kodwa izimo zazingasamvumeli ukuba aqhubeke nalo msebenzi. ILatvia yaba nezimpi ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuthula. Ngo-1702 amabutho aseRussia anqoba awaseSweden athatha i-Alūksne. UGlück nomkhaya wakhe badingiselwa eRussia. * Phakathi nalezo zikhathi zeziyaluyalu, uGlück walahlekelwa imibhalo yesandla yeBhayibheli lakhe elisha lesiLatvia kanye nenguqulo yakhe yesiRashiya. Washonela eMoscow ngo-1705.

Ukunyamalala kwalezo zinguqulo zamuva zesiRashiya nezesiLatvia kwaba imbibizane enkulu. Kodwa wonke umuntu ofunda iBhayibheli lesiLatvia usazuza enguqulweni kaGlück yokuqala.

U-Ernst Glück ungomunye wabantu abaningi abaqala umsebenzi onzima wokuhumushela iBhayibheli ezilimini zabomdabu. Ngenxa yalokho, cishe wonke amaqembu ezilimi akhona emhlabeni angafunda iZwi likaNkulunkulu, kanjalo athole amanzi eqiniso ayigugu akulo. Yebo, ngezinguqulo zeBhayibheli ezitholakala ngezilimi ezingaphezu kuka-2 000, uJehova uyaqhubeka enza ukuba abantu yonke indawo bamazi.

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Inguqulo kaGlück

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OFakazi BakaJehova bafundisa iBhayibheli edolobheni uGlück alihumushela kulo