A Tharabololo ke Yone e Bakang Bothata?

“Go tlontlolola magolegwa le go a kgoba marapo ke tsela e e maswe thata ya go ba baakanyetsa botshelo jwa fa ba setse ba golotswe.”—MORULAGANYI WA DIKGANG WA THE ATLANTA CONSTITUTION.

MO MAKGETLONG a le mantsi, dikgolegelo di dira jaaka thibelo—thibelo fela ya nakwana. Fa legolegwa le gololwa, a tota le a bo le dueletse bokebekwa jwa lone? * Go tweng ka batho ba ba amiwang ke bokebekwa kgotsa baratiwa ba bone? Rita o ne a  bolela jaana fa mmolai wa morwawe wa dingwaga di le 16 a ne a gololwa morago ga go nna mo kgolegelong dingwaga di le tharo fela: “Ke mmaagwe ngwana yo o bolailweng. Tsweetswee a ko o eme go le gonnye mme o akanye ka seno. A tota o ka kgona go bona gore ke ikutlwa jang?” Jaaka fa kgang ya ga Rita e bontsha, ditlamorago tse di botlhoko di nna lobaka lo loleele fa dikgotlatshekelo di setse di feditse go berekana le bothata le fa bo sa tlhole bo begwa ke metswedi ya dikgang.

Kgang ga e tshwenye fela batho bao matshelo a bone a amilweng ke bokebekwa mme e tshwenya gape le batho botlhe. Le gale, e ka ne magolegwa a a golotsweng a fetotswe ke dilo tse di a diragaletseng fa a ne a le kwa kgolegelong kgotsa di a dirile gore a nne tlhogoethata, seo se ama kagiso ya gago ya mogopolo ka tlhamalalo, fa e le gore ga se ame polokesego ya gago.

Dikolo Tsa Dikebekwa

Ga se gantsi kgolegelo e fedisang bokebekwa. Jill Smolowe o kwala jaana mo makasineng wa Time: “Go dirisiwa ga madi a le mantsi gore go agiwe disele tse di oketsegileng tsa kgolegelo ka boikaelelo jwa go tsosolosa seriti sa magolegwa gantsi go felela ka bokebekwa jo bo oketsegileng le jo bo maswe thata.” Peter, * yo o feditseng dingwaga di le 14 a le mo kgolegelong o dumalana le seo. O bolela jaana: “Bontsi jwa batho ba ke neng ke golegilwe le bone ba ne ba simolola ka go dira bokebekwa jo bonnye fela, morago ga moo ba ne ba gatela pele mo go direng bokebekwa jo bo amang dithoto tsa batho, mme kgabagare ba dira melato e e masisi kgatlhanong le batho. Mo go bone dikgolegelo di tshwana le sekolo sa tiro ya diatla. Ba tlile go tswa mo go tsone ba le kotsi go gaisa.”

Le mororo dikgolegelo di ka nna tsa ntsha dikebekwa mo mebileng ka nakwana, ga go bonale di dira sepe se se kalo go thibela bokebekwa lobaka lo loleele. Basimane ba ba nnang mo ditoropong le makawana mangwe gantsi ba leba go tsenngwa mo kgolegelong e le go tsena mo bonneng. Gantsi ba feleletsa e le batlolamolao ba ba tlhogoethata. Larry, yo o feditseng bontsi jwa botshelo jwa gagwe a ntse a tsena a tswa mo kgolegelong o bolela jaana: “Kgolegelo ga e fetole motho gotlhelele. Basimane bano ba a gololwa ba bo ba boa gape ba dira tsone dilo tse ba neng ba di dira.”

Go ya ka patlisiso nngwe kwa United States, go ‘tsena ga bone ba tswa mo kgolegelong’ go ka tlhalosa gore ke ka ntlha yang fa diperesente di le 50 tsa bokebekwa jotlhe jo bo masisi bo dirwa ke mo e ka nnang diperesente di le 5 fela tsa dikebekwa. Makasine wa Time o akgela jaana: “Fa magolegwa a se na tsela ya go dirisa nako ya one ka tsela e e mosola, gantsi a dirisa nako eo yotlhe e a nang le yone go aga letlhoo mo dipelong tsa one le go ithuta maretshwa mangwe a go dira bokebekwa, a . . . ba tla a dirisang mo mebileng fa ba sena go gololwa mo kgolegelong.”

Boemo jono ga bo fitlhelwe kwa United States fela. John Vatis, ngaka kwa kgolegelong ya sesole kwa Greece o tlhalosa jaana: “Dikgolegelo tsa rona di atlega tota mo go aloseng batho ba ba kotsi, ba ba dikgoka le ba ba bogale. Fa magolegwa a gololwa, bontsi jwa one bo batla go ‘ipusolosetsa’ mo setšhabeng.”

Kafa go Amang Madi a Setšhaba ka Gone

Mathata a dikgolegelo a ama madi a gago. Ka sekai, go fopholediwa gore kwa United States, legolegwa lengwe le lengwe le dira gore baduedi ba lekgetho ba duele madi a a kana ka R160 000 ka ngwaga. Magolegwa a a nang le dingwaga tse di  fetang 60 a ka dira gore go duelwe madi ao a menagane gararo. Mo dinageng di le dintsi, batho ga ba sa tlhole ba ikanya tsamaiso ya boatlhodi ka ntlha ya mabaka a mangwe gape. Batho ba tshwenngwa ke go gololwa ga magolegwa pele ga nako mmogo le batlolamolao ba gotlhelele ba tilang go isiwa kgolegelong ka ntlha ya lebaka lengwe le le bofitlha la molao le le lemogilweng ke moitsemolao yo o boferefere. Gantsi batho ba ba amiwang ke bokebekwa ga ba ikutlwe ba sireletsegile ka botlalo fa legolegwa le golotswe, e bile ba ka tswa ba sa kgone go ipuelela mo molaong.

Matshwenyego a Setšhaba a a Gola

Go ikanya dikgolegelo ga setšhaba ga go bakwe ke go tshwara magolegwa makgwakgwa jaaka go tlhalosiwa mo lebokosong. Magolegwa a a ileng a tshwarwa makgwakgwa fa a le mo kgolegelong ga a ka ke a bo a fetoga. Mo godimo ga moo, ditlhopha di le mmalwa tse di dirisanang le ditshwanelo tsa batho di tshwentswe thata ke go tsenngwa mo kgolegelong ga dipalo tse dintsintsi tsa batho ba setšhaba se le sengwe. Ba ipotsa gore a seno se itiragaletse fela kgotsa a ke lebaka la go bo ba tlhaolwa go ya ka lotso lwa bone.

Pego ya 1998 ya Associated Press e ne ya tlotla ka bothata jwa batho ba pele ba neng ba le mo Kgolegelong ya Holmesburg, kwa Pennsylvania, kwa U.S.A., ba ba neng ba batla go duelelwa lebaka la go bo dikhemikale dingwe di ne di lekelediwa mo go bone fa ba ne ba le mo kgolegelong. Mme go tweng ka go busediwa gape ga mokgwa wa go tsamaisa setlhopha sa magolegwa a golegilwe ka keetane e le nngwe kwa United States? Amnesty International e bega jaana: “Gantsi setlhopha sa one se bereka diura di le 10-12 mo letsatsing le le fisang, se ikhutsa go le gonnye fela gore se nwe metsi se bo se newa ura e le nngwe ya dijo tsa motshegare. . . . Ntlo ya boithomelo e magolegwa ano a nang le yone ke kgamelo e le nngwe fela e e kafa morago ga borulelo jo bo agisitsweng ka lobota. Magolegwa a e dirisa a ntse a golegilwe jalo ka keetane. Fa ba sa kgone go ya kwa kgamelong eno, magolegwa a patelesega go ithomela fa fatshe mo pontsheng.” Gone ke boammaaruri gore ga se dikgolegelo tsotlhe tse di dirang dilo ka tsela eno. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ba tshwara makgwakgwa jalo go tlontlolola magolegwa e bile go tlontlolola le bao ba ba tshwarang jalo.

A Batho mo Setšhabeng ba Solegelwa Molemo?

Gantsi batho ba le bantsi mo setšhabeng ba ikutlwa ba sireletsegile thata fa dikebekwa di le mo kgolegelong. Ba bangwe ba rata dikgolegelo ka ntlha ya mabaka a a farologaneng. Batho ba ne ba tsosa dikhuduego fa kgolegelo e e mo torotswaneng ya Cooma ya Australia e ne e tshwanetse go tswalwa. Ka ntlha yang? Ka gonne batho ba ba neng ba na le mathata a tsa madi ba ne ba bona tiro mo kgolegelong eno.

Mo dinakong tsa bosheng jaana dipuso dingwe di ne tsa rekisetsa mafelo mangwe a kgwebo dikgolegelo tsa tsone e le tsela ya go somarela madi. Se se hutsafatsang ke gore magolegwa a le mantsi le katlholo e e tsayang lobaka lo loleele ke tsone di solegelang kgwebo molemo. Ka jalo, tshiamiso e ka tswakanngwa le kgwebo.

Re akantse ka seno sotlhe, go sa ntse go setse potso eno e e botlhokwa: A dikgolegelo di fetola magolegwa? Le fa gantsi karabo e le nnyaa, o tla gakgamadiwa ke go itse gore magolegwa mangwe a ne a thusiwa gore a fetoge. Mma re bone gore jang.

[Dintlha tse di kwa tlase]

[Lebokoso/Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 6, 7]

 Go Leba Boemo Jwa mo Kgolegelong ka Boripana

GO KGOTLHAGANA GA MAGOLEGWA: Dikgolegelo tsa kwa Boritane di na le bothata jo bogolo jwa go nna le palo e e feteletseng ya magolegwa, mme seno ga se gakgamatse! Naga eo ke yone ya bobedi e e nang le palo e e feteletseng ya magolegwa mo Yuropa Bophirima yotlhe, e e nang le magolegwa a le 125 mo bathong bangwe le bangwe ba le 100 000. Kwa Brazil, go ne ga agiwa kgolegelo e kgolo go feta tsotlhe kwa São Paulo gore e tsenye magolegwa a le 500. Go na le moo, e tsenya a le 6 000. Kwa Russia, disele tse di tshwanetseng go tsenya magolegwa a le 28 di tsenya a a fa gare ga a le 90 le 110. Bothata jono bo masisi thata mo e leng gore magolegwa a tshwanetse go robala a refosana. Kwa nageng nngwe ya Asia, magolegwa a le 13 kgotsa a le 14 a ne a tlhatlhelwa mo seleng ya bogolo jwa disekweremetara di le 3. Fa go sa ntse go le jalo, kwa Australia Bophirima, badiredibagolo ba ne ba rarabolola bothata jwa go nna le dikgolegelo tse dinnye ka go dirisa materoko a dikepe di rwalang dithoto ka one go tsenya magolegwa mo go one.

BOTHUBAKI: Lokwalodikgang lwa kwa Jeremane e leng Der Spiegel lo bega gore kwa dikgolegelong tsa Jeremane, magolegwa a a setlhogo a bolaya batho le go ba keteka ka ntlha ya “ntwa ya go gaisana ga ditlhopha tsa one ka kgwebo e e seng kafa molaong ya nnotagi le diokobatsi, tlhakanelodikobo le go busediwa madi a a tsadisitseng.” Dikgotlhang fa gare ga ditso ke tsone tse gantsi di fetlhang bothubaki jwa mo dikgolegelong. Der Spiegel e bolela jaana: “Go na le magolegwa a a tswang mo ditšhabeng di le 72. Dikgotlhang tse di felelang ka bothubaki ga di kgone go tilwa.” Kwa kgolegelong nngwe ya kwa Amerika Borwa, badiredibagolo ba ne ba bolela gore go ne go bolawa palogare ya magolegwa a le 12 kgwedi nngwe le nngwe. Financial Times ya Lontone e tlhalosa gore “magolegwa a ne a bolela gore palo eo e menagane gabedi.”

GO SOTLIWA KA TLHAKANELODIKOBO: Mo setlhogong se se reng “Mathata a go Betelela mo Kgolegelong,” The New York Times e tlhalosa gore phopholetso nngwe e bontsha gore kwa United States, “banna ba feta 290 000 ba tlhaselwa ka tsa tlhakanelodikobo ngwaga le ngwaga mo kgolegelong.” Pego eno e tswelela jaana: “Tiragalo e e tshosang ya go tlhaselwa ka tsa tlhakanelodikobo gantsi e direga makgetlo a a fetang gangwe, gantsi e nna selo sa letsatsi le letsatsi.” Mokgatlho mongwe o fopholetsa gore kwa dikgolegelong tsa United States, go dirwa ditiro dingwe tsa go tlola molao tsa tlhakanelodikobo di le 60 000 letsatsi le letsatsi.

BOTSOGO LE BOITEKANELO: Go na le bosupi jo bo nonofileng jwa go anama ga malwetse a a tshelanwang ka tlhakanelodikobo mo kgolegelong. Bolwetse jwa Lehuba jo bo tshwereng magolegwa kwa Russia le dinaga dingwe tsa Afrika bo gapile tlhokomelo ya metswedi ya dikgang mo lefatsheng lotlhe, fela jaaka go ntse ka go sa tlhokomele magolegwa ka kalafi, boitekanelo le dijo tse di nang le dikotla mo dikgolegelong di le dintsi mo lefatsheng lotlhe.

[Setshwantsho]

Kgolegelo e e nang le palo e e feteletseng ya magolegwa kwa São Paulo, kwa Brazil

[Motswedi wa Setshwantsho]

AP Photo/Dario Lopez-Mills

[Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 4, 5]

Kgolegelo e kgolo ya La Santé kwa Paris, kwa Fora

[Motswedi wa Setshwantsho]

AP Photo/Francois Mori

[Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 6]

Basadi mo kgolegelong kwa Managua, Nicaragua

[Motswedi wa Setshwantsho]

AP Photo/Javier Galeano