Kumwaya Jwi lya Leza Mucisi ca Spain Cansiku
“Ndanooli mulweendo lwakuya ku Sipaniya, ndikamubone akusindikilwa andinywe musinzo uuli mbuubede ndaakumana kuyanzana andinywe kusikila mpoceela kwaciindi cili mbocibede.”—Baloma 15:24.
MWAAPOSTOLO Paulo wakalemba majwi aaya kuli Banakristonyina baku Roma mumwaka wa 56 C.E. Bbaibbele talyaambi naa Paulo wakapanga lweendo lwakuya ku Spain naa pe. Kufwumbwa mbocibede, kwiinda mukusolekesya kwa Paulo naa bamisyinali bamwi Banakristo, makani mabotu aazwa Mujwi lya Leza, Bbaibbele, akasika mu Spain mumwaanda wamyaka wabili C.E.
Tiilyakalampa, Banakristo bakatalika kuvwula mu Spain. Eeci cakapa kuti bantu bakooko bayandike busanduluzi bwa Bbaibbele mumwaambo waci Latin. Cakali boobo nkaambo kuzoosika mumwaanda wamyaka wabili, cisi ca Spain cakali aansi aabweendelezi bwa Roma alimwi mwaambo waci Latin ngowakali kubelesyegwa kapati mu Bwami bwaba Roma.
MA BBAIBBELE AAMUCI LATIN AKAZUZIKIZYA ZYAKALI KUYANDIKA
Banakristo bakusaanguna mu Spain bakasandulula ma Bbaibbele aali mbwaabede mumwaambo waci Latin aayitwa kuti Vetus Latina Hispana. Ma Bbaibbele aamuci Latini aaya, akamwaigwa mu Spain myaka minji Jerome katanamanizya kusandulula Bbaibbele lyamuci Latin lizyibidwe kapati lyakuti Vulgate mumwaka wa 405 C.E.
Bbaibbele ndyaakasandulula Jerome, lyalo ndyaakamanizya kusandulula mu Betelehemu, Palestine, lyakasika ku Spain cakufwambaana. Ciindi Lucinius, sikwiiya Bbaibbele muvwubi naakazyiba kuti Jerome wakali kulibambila kusandulula Bbaibbele muci Latin, wakayanda kuti abe akkopi yabusanduluzi oobu bupya cakufwambaana. Wakatuma balembi bali cisambomwe ku Betelehemu kutegwa bakkope malembe akwaatola ku Spain. Mumyaanda yamyaka yakatobela, Bbaibbele lya Vulgate lyakazyibwa kapati kwiinda lya Vetus Latina Hispana. Busanduluzi bwamuci Latin oobu bwakapa bantu baku Spain coolwe cakubala Bbaibbele akumvwisya mulumbe wandilyo. Pele bweendelezi bwaba Roma nobwakali aafwaafwi kumana, kwakabuka makani mapya aajatikizya myaambo.
BBAIBBELE LILEMBEDWE AMABWE APAPALETE
Mumwaanda wamyaka wasanu, mwaambo wa Visigoths alimwi amyaambo yaku German yakanjila mu Spain, aboobo kwakaba mwaambo mupya uutegwa Gothic. Bantu bamyaambo eeyi bakali kukomba mbuli Banakristo mubukombi mbobakali kwiita kuti Arianism bwalo ibwakali kukaka njiisyo yabutatu. Alimwi bakaletelezya busanduluzi bwa Magwalo butegwa Ulfilas’ Gothic Bible. Eeli Bbaibbele lyakali kubalwa mu Spain kusikila kumamanino amwaanda wamyaaka wacisambomwe ciindi Reccared, mwami wamwaambo waci Visigothic naakaba mu Katolika akucileka bukombi bwa Arianism. Wakayobolola mabbuku oonse aaci Arian akwaanyonyoona kubikkilizya a Bbaibbele litegwa Ulfilas’ Bible. Akaambo kaceeci, malembe oonse aaci Gothic akaloba mu Spain.
Ibbwe lipapalete lilembedwe mumwaambo uukonzyene awaci Latin, 500 C.E.
Nokuba boobo, Jwi lya Leza lyakazumanana kumwaigwa mu Spain aciindi eeci. Kunze lyamwaambo waci Gothic, kwakali amwaambo wakakozyene awaci Latin ngobakali kukanana kapati mu Spain. Mumwaambo ooyu, kwakazwa myaambo aimwi iizwa mumwaambo waci Latin iikananwa kapati ku Iberian Peninsula *. Malembe aakaindi mumwaambo ooyu uukozyene awaci Latin aitwa kuti Visigothic slates, mbwaanga akalembedwe amabwe aapapalete. Malembe aaya ngamumyaka yakuma 500 C.E. alimwi a 600 C.E. alimwi amwi akati kamalembe aaya ajisi zibalo zizwa mumabbuku aa Intembauzyo alimwi aa Makani Mabotu. Akati kamabwe apapalete aaya, lyomwe lijisi caandano coonse ca Intembauzyo 16.
Kubako kwamalembe aamu Bbaibbele amabwe apapalete aataduli ncitondezyo cakuti bantu banyina mpuwo aciindi eeco bakali kubala alimwi akulikkopa Jwi lya Leza. Cilibonya kuti, bamayi bakali kubelesya malembe aaya aamu Bbaibbele kuyiisya bana bacikolo kubala akulemba. Mabwe aapapalete taakali kudula pe twaayezyanisya azikutu zidula nzyobakabelesya basicikombelo bategwa ba monk kutegwa basandulule ma Bbaibbele aabo aajisi zifwanikiso.
Peeji lyamu Bbaibbele lya León. Nokuba kuti ma Bbaibbele aaya mabotu kapati, pele tanaakagwasya kapati kumwaya mulumbe wa Jwi lya Leza kubantu
Bbaibbele limwi lidula nkolili mucikombelo citegwa San Isidoro ku, León mu Spain. Bbaibbele eeli ndyakuma 960 C.E., lijisi mapeeji aali 516 alimwi lilampa masentimita aali 47 mubulamfwu aali 34 mubwamba alimwi lilema makkilogilamu aali 18. Lino mu Laibbulali yaku Vatican kuli Bbaibbele lyaku Ripoll lyamumyaka yakuma 1020 C.E. Eeli Bbaibbele ndelijisi zifwanikiso zibotu kwiinda ma Bbaibbele aamwi amumyaaka yakuma 500-1500 C.E. Kutegwa kulembwe malembe aali boobo alimwi aajisi zifwanikiso, sicikombelo cakali kumutolela buzuba bomwe kulemba buyo bbala lyomwe naa mvwiki yoonse kulemba buyo mutwe wacibalo. Nokuba kuti ma Bbaibbele aaya mabotu kapati, pele tanaakagwasya kapati kumwaya mulumbe wa Jwi lya Leza kubantu.
BBAIBBELE MUCI ARABIC
Kuzoosika mumwaanda wamyaka walusele, mwaambo aumwi wakatalika kukananwa kapati mu Spain akaambo kakuti ba Mozilemu bakanjila. Mumasena aakali kweendelezyegwa aba Mozilemu, mwaambo waci Arabic wakatalika kukananwa kapati kwiinda waci Latin, aboobo kwakali kuyandika busanduluzi bwa Bbaibbele mumwaambo ooyu.
Kuzwa mu 400 C.E. kusikila mu 700 C.E., Bbaibbele lyamuci Latin alimwi alyamuci Arabic lyakapa bantu bamwaambo waci Spanish coolwe cakubala Jwi lya Leza.
Ma Bbaibbele aakasandululwa muci Arabic—kapati aa Makani Mabotu—tacidoonekwi kuti akamwaigwa mucisi ca Spain cansiku. Kulibonya kuti mumwaanda wamyaka walusele, babbishopo baku Seville, ba John, bakasandulula Bbaibbele likkwene muci Arabic. Cuusisya ncakuti ma Bbaibbele aaya taako mazuba aano. Bbaibbele limwi lyaci Arabic lya Makani Mabotu lyamumwaanda wamyaaka wa 10 C.E. lyakayobolwa mucikombelo cipati ca León, ku Spain.
Busanduluzi bwa Makani Mabotu muci Arabic, bwamumyaka yakuma 900 C.E.
KWAKAZOOBA BUSANDULUZI BWAMUCI SPANISH
Kumamanino kwamyaka yakuma 500-1500 C.E. mwaambo waci Castilian naa waci Spanish, wakatalika kukananwa ku Iberian Penisula. Mwaambo mupya ooyu, wakali kuyooba mwaambo mupati mukumwaya Jwi lya Leza. * Busanduluzi bwakusaanguna mumwaambo waci Spanish bwakalibonya mubbuku litegwa Deeds From Across the Seas, kumatalikilo aamwaanda wamyaka wa 13. Bbuku eeli lilijisi cibalo caamba zyalweendo lwakuya ku Israyeli, alimwi kulilembedwe makani aali mumabbuku osanwe aakusaanguna mu Bbaibbele kubikkilizya amabbuku aamwi aaci Hebrayo alimwi aa Makani Mabotu alimwi Amagwalo.
Mwami Alfonso X wakagwasilizya kuti Bbaibbele lisandululwe muci Spanish
Balupati-pati bacikombelo tiibakabukkomanina busanduluzi oobu. Aboobo mu 1234, bakabunga kategwa Council of Tarragona, bakalailila kuti mabbuku oonse aamu Bbaibbele aatali aamuci Spanish akeelede kutolwa kubapati-pati bacikombelo kutegwa aumpwe. Cikkomanisya ncakuti mulawo ooyu tiiwakapa kuti mulimo wakusandulula ma Bbaibbele wiime. Mwami Alfonso X (1252-1284), iwaambwa kuti ngowakatalisya mwaambo waci Spanish uulembedwe, wakayanda kuti Magwalo asandululwe mumwaambo ooyu mupya alimwi wakagwasyilizya mumulimo ooyu. Busanduluzi bwamumwaambo waci Spanish kuzwa ciindi eeci bubikkilizya Bbaibbele liitwa kuti Pre-Alfonsine Bible alimwi a Bbaibbele lyakuti Alfonsine Bible lyakatobela, ilyakali ndelipati kwiinda oonse aakasanduludwe mumwaambo waci Spanish aciindi eeco.
Mapeeji aakuma 1200 C.E aa Bbaibbele lya Pre-Alfonsine Bible (kulumwensi) alimwi ama Bbaibbele aategwa Alfonsine Bible (kululyo)
Ma Bbaibbele oonse obilo aaya akagwasilizya mukusumpula mwaambo mupya waci Spanish. Sikwiiya Bbaibbele Thomas Montgomery waamba boobu kujatikizya Bbaibbele litegwa Pre-Alfonsine Bible: “Musanduluzi wa Bbaibbele eeli wakawoonda mulimo. Lyakaliluzi alimwi lyakabelesya mwaambo uumvwika kabotu. . . . Wakabelesya mwaambo uutakatazyi kumvwa, eeci ncobakali kuyanda bantu batakauzyi kapati mwaambo waci Latin.”
Nokuba boobo, ma Bbaibbele aaya aakusaanguna mumwaambo waci Spanish akasandululwa kuzwa ku Latin Vulgate ikutali kuzwa mumwaambo wakusaanguna. Kutalikila mumwaanda wamyaka wa 14, basikwiiya Bbaibbele ba Juda bakasandulula ma Bbaibbele aa Magwalo aaci Hebrayo muci Spanish kuzwa mumwaambo waci Hebrayo. Aciindi eeco, cisi ca Spain ncicakajisi ba Juda banji mu Europe alimwi basanduluzi ba Juda bakali kukonzya kuba amalembe aakusaanguna mumwaambo waci Hebrayo ngobakabelesya mubusanduluzi bwabo. *
Cikozyanyo cibotu cakali cabusanduluzi butegwa Alba Bible bwakamanizyigwa kusandululwa mumwaanda wamyaka wa 15. Mwaalumi uulemekwa kapati waku Spain, Luis de Guzmán, wakapa Rabbi Moisés mulimo wakusandulula Bbaibbele mumwaambo waci castizo Spanish (nkokuti ci Spanish cini-cini). Wakapa twaambo tobilo ncaakali kuyandila busanduluzi oobu bupya. Kakusaanguna, wakati: “Ma Bbaibbele aali mumyaambo iikozyene aci Latin taaluzi,” kabili nkakuti, “Bantu bali mbuli ndiswe bayandika bupanduluzi buyungizyidwe kujatikizya zibalo zyamu Bbaibbele zikatazya kumvwisya.” Kulomba kwakwe, kutondezya kuti bantu ibakali kupona aciindi eeco bakali kuyandisya kapati kubala alimwi akulimvwisya Bbaibbele. Alimwi citondezya kuti Magwalo aamumyaambo imwi, banji bakalaajisi kale mu Spain.
Tulabalumba basanduluzi bansiku alimwi abalembi, bantu bayiide mu Spain bakali kukonzya kubala Bbaibbele mumwaambo wabo akulimvwisya. Akaambo kaceeci, syaazibwene mumakani aakaindi Juan Orts González wakaamba kuti “Bamwaambo waci Spanish bakalilizyi kabotu Bbaibbele kwiinda bantu baku German naa baku England kacitanasika ciindi caba Luther.”
“Bamwaambo waci Spanish bakalilizyi kabotu Bbaibbele kwiinda bantu baku German naa baku England kacitanasika ciindi caba Luther.” —Juan Orts González
Nokuba boobo, kuzoosika kumamanino aamwaanda wamyaka wa 15, kabunga kaitwa kuti Spanish Inquisition kakakasya kusandulula alimwi akuba ama Bbaibbele aatali aamuci Spanish. Kwaciindi cilamfwu Bbaibbele lyakazookasyigwa mucisi ca Spain. Kutegwa Bbaibbele lizumizyigwe alimwi, kwakainda myaanda yamyaka yotatwe. Muciindi cikatazya eeci, basanduluzi basicamba bakasandulula ma Bbaibbele aaci Spanish mapya kabali muzisi zimwi alimwi akwaanjizya mu Spain cabucenjezu. *
Kweelana amakani aamba zya Bbaibbele mucisi ca Spain cansiku, basikukazya bakasolekesya kukasya Jwi lya Leza munzila zinji. Nokuba boobo, tiibakazwidilila kukasya majwi aa Singuzuzyoonse.—Intembauzyo 83:1; 94:20.
Milimo yanguzu njobakabeleka basikwiiya Bbaibbele banji yakapa kuti Bbaibbele lizyibwe alimwi akumwaigwa mucisi ca Spain cansiku. Basanduluzi bamazuba aano batobela cikozyanyo cabaabo ibakasaanguna kusandulula Magwalo muci Latin, Gothic, Arabic, alimwi amuci Spanish. Aboobo, mazuba aano, mamiliyoni aabantu ibakanana mwaambo waci Spanish balakonzya kubala Jwi lya Leza mumwaambo uubasika amoyo.
^ par. 10 Myaambo eeyi ibikkilizya ci Castilian, Catalan, Galician, alimwi aci Portuguese.
^ par. 17 Mazuba aano mwaambo waci Spanish ulakananwa abantu bali 540 miliyoni kauli mwaambo wabo uubageme.
^ par. 20 Amubone cibalo cakuti “The Divine Name and Alfonso de Zamora’s Quest for Textual Accuracy,” mu Ngazi Yamulindizi yamu Cingisi ya December 1, 2011.
^ par. 23 Amubone cibalo cakuti “Casiodoro de Reina’s Fight for a Spanish Bible,” mu Ngazi Yamulindizi yamu Cingisi yamu June 1, 1996.
