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MAKANI AAYEEME AMUTWE UULI ACIVWUMBYO

Mumaseelo Aanu—Muli Twaambo Tunji!

Mumaseelo Aanu—Muli Twaambo Tunji!

MUMWAKA wa 1953, basyaazibwene mulwiiyo lwa biology ba James Watson alimwi a Francis Crick bakamwaya makani ngobakavwuntauzya aakali kuyandika kapati mukumvwisya makani aasayaansi aamba kujatikizya buumi mbobutalika. Bakajana kuti DNA * ipangidwe mbuli matantilo aanyonedwe. DNA eeyi iili mbuli katambo, yalo kanji-kanji iijanika akati eeni aakaseelo, ijisi twaambo naa makani “aalembedwe” calo icipa maseelo kuba atwaambo tunji. Buvwuntauzi oobu bukkomanisya bwakapa kuti zintu zicince mulwiiyo lwa biology! Pele mulimo nzi ngotujisi “twaambo itulembedwe” mumaseelo? Alimwi ciinda kugambya, ino twaambo ootu twakalijana buti mu DNA?

vIKAAMBO MASEELO NCAAYANDIKA TWAAMBO

Sena kuli nomwakalibuzyide kale icipa kuti nseke ikomene akuba cisamu naa icipa kuti kaseelo kamusankwa akamukaintu notwaswaangana akuba komwe kamane kakomene akuba muntu? Naa cakapa kuti mube abube mbomujisi? Bwiinguzi kumibuzyo eeyi bujatikizya twaambo tujanika mu DNA.

Maseelo manji alijisi DNA, ma molecule aakatazya kumvwisya aali mbuli matantilo malamfwu aanyonedwe. Muzibeela zipanga kuti DNA kaikkwene yoonse mumuntu, matantilo ajisi “twakulyatila” itusika ku 3 bbiliyoni. Basayaansi baamba twakulyatila ootu kuti malyatilo aakkede obilo-obilo akaambo kakuti kakulyatila kamwi akamwi kajisi zintu zyobilo (chemical substances), pele antoomwe zintu eezyi zili zyone. Zintu eezyi zilalembwa kubelesya mabala A, C, G, alimwi a T kwiiminina cintu cimwi acimwi. * Mu 1957, Crick wakapa muzeezo wakuti kuyalwa kabotu kwatwakulyatila nkokupa kuti kakuli twaambo naa malailile mu DNA. Mumyaka yakuma 1960, twaambo naa malailile aaya bakatalika kwaamvwisya.

Twaambo tulakonzya kuyobolwa naa kubelesyegwa munzila zinji nokuba kuti tuli muciimo cazifwanikiso, majwi buyo, naa mabala. Makkompyuta alacita oobo kwiinda mukubelesya ma digitals. Maseelo maumi alo alayobola alimwi akulanga-langa twaambo kwiinda mukubelesya ma chemicals, DNA kaili cibeela ciyandika kapati. DNA ilakonwa ciindi maseelo nayaabuvwula alimwi azintu zipona nozizyalana, calo icipa kuti zintu zipona kazili mbuli mbozibede.

Mbuti maseelo mbwaabelesya twaambo? Amweezyanisye DNA kukujika cakulya cimwi munzila ziindene-indene, nzila imwi aimwi njomutobela ililembedwe kabotu-kabotu. Pele mwamana kujika, muciindi cakuba akkekke, mulakonzya kujana kuti nikkabbeji naa ŋombe. Mumaseelo maumi, zintu eezyi inga zilalicitikila calo icipa kuti kaapangidwe munzila iikatazya kumvwisya.

Twaambo ituli museelo yaka bacteria tulakonzya kuzuzya bbuku lyamapeeji aali 1,000

Makani aajanika mumaseelo alayobolwa kusikila ciindi naayandika kubelesyegwa, ambweni kugwisya maseelo aatacijisi mulimo, naa aayo aafwa akubikka mapya alo aapedelezya bube bumwi kucilenge cipya. Ino DNA ijisi twaambo tunji buti? Amuyeeye kujatikizya kalenge kaniini kapati kategwa bacteria. Syaazibwene musayaansi waku Germany Bernd-Olaf Küppers wakaamba kuti: “Kuti twacaamba munzila njobakonzya kumvwa bantu, twaambo itupandulula mboipangidwe seelo yaka bacteria kuti twalembwa, tulakonzya kuzuzya bbuku lyamapeeji aali 1000.” Akaambo kaceeci, syaazibwene mu chemistry David Deamer wakalemba kuti: “Cilagambya kubona mbokapangidwe munzila iikatazya kumvwisya kalenge kaniini kapati mbuli ka bacteria.” Ino twaambo ituli mu DNA yamuntu twalo tusika aali? Küppers waamba kuti: “Tulakonzya kuzuzya laibbulali iijisi mabbuku manji kapati.”

“TWAAMBO TWAKALEMBWA MUNZILA NJOTUKONZYA KUMVWISYA”

Küppers waamba kuti kupandulula makani aali mu DNA kuti alembedwe “mumwaambo wama genes ama molecules” taali maambilambali mbocibede buya. Alimwi waamba kuti: “Mbubwenya mbuli “mwaambo ngobabelesya bantu, mwaambo wama genes ama molecules kuli mboupanga mabala.” Kucaamba munzila ngubauba, DNA ilijisi “mwaambo” naa milawo yeendelezya malailile mbwaapangwa alimwi akubelesyegwa.

“Mabala” alimwi “amizila yamabala” iili mu DNA zipanga nzila ziindene-indene izigwasyilizya kupanga ma protein alimwi azintu zimwi zijanika mumaseelo izipanga mubili. Mucikozyanyo, nzila eezyi zilakonzya kweendelezya kupangwa kwamaseelo aamumafwuwa, aamumilambi, aalukanda ayaayo aategwa nerves. Syaazibwene wa biology uusyoma mukusanduka kwazintu Richard Dawkins wakalemba kuti: “Kabeela ka DNA makani naa mulumbe uulembedwe munzila yama chemicals, chemical imwi aimwi iiminina bbala limwi alimwi. Makani aaya aboneka mbuli kuti taali aamasimpe, pele twaambo tulembedwe twakalembwa munzila njotukonzya kumvwisya.”

Sikulemba Bbaibbele Davida wakaamba boobu mumupailo wakwe kuli Leza: “Meso aako akandibona nindakacili nsalalila; zizo zyangu zyoonse zyakalilembedwe mubbuku lyako.” (Intembauzyo 139:16) Aawa Davida wakali kubelesya mwaambo wakweema. Nokuba boobo, wakaamba zintu ziluzi, mbubwenya mbotuzyi kuti balembi ba Bbaibbele bakalemba zintu ziluzi. Kunyina mulembi wakali kuyungwa naaceya azilengwa zyatakaluzi zyabantu bakaindi.—2 Samuele 23:1, 2; 2 Timoteyo 3:16.

Ino mbuti mwana mbwaba abube mbobajisi bazyali bakwe?

INO TWAAMBO TWAKALIJANA BUTI MU DNA?

Kanji-kanji ciindi basayaansi nobacikonzya kupandulula makani amwi aakatazya kumvwisya, inga cibapa kuzyiba zintu azimwi. Oobu mbocakabede kujatikizya makani ngobakajana kujatikizya DNA. Nobakamvwisya kuti DNA ilijisi twaambo naa malailile, bantu basongo bakabuzya kuti, ‘Ino twaambo twakalijana buti mu DNA?’ Masimpe ngakuti kunyina muntu wakabona ciindi molecule ya DNA yakusaanguna noyakali kupangwa. Aboobo tweelede kulikosweda tolikke makani aaya. Nokuba boobo, mbotwaakosola makani takweelede kuba buyo kwakuyeeyela. Amubone makani aatobela akweezyanisya.

  • Mumwaka wa 1999, ku Pakistan kwakajanwa zibeela-beela zyazibumbwa zyakaindi izyakalembedwe munzila yeenzu. Ncaamba makani aalembedwe azintu eezyi taanazyibwa asunu. Nokuba boobo abonwa kuti akalembwa abantu.

  • Nokwakainda myaka misyoonto kuzwa ciindi ba Watson alimwi a Crick nobakazyiba zinji kujatikizya DNA, basyaazibwene mu physics bakapa muzeezo wakuyandaula ma signals aaluwaile aali muluwo aajisi twaambo. Eeci ncecakatalisya busyaabusongo buliko mazuba aano bwakusoleka kuzyiba twaambo tujanika muma signals ibutegwa extraterrestrial intelligence.

Ino eeci caamba nzi? Caamba kuti bantu twaambo batubona kuti tuliswaangene kapati abusongo, tacikwe makani naa twaambo ooto tuli muciimo cazitondezyo, naa ma signals aamuluwo. Takuyandiki buya kuti mane batubone twaambo ciindi notupangwa kutegwa basyome kuti kuli busongo bujatikizyidwe. Pele ciindi twaambo tukatazya kapati kumvwisya notwakazyibwa, nkokuti twaambo itweendelezya maseelo kutegwa kube buumi, bantu banji bakatuyumbila ambali akwaamba kuti DNA taijatikizyi busongo buli boonse. Sena eeci cililuzi? Sena cilatobeleka? Sena cileendelana asayaansi? Basayaansi banji ibalemekwa baamba kuti peepe. Akati kabo kuli ba Gene Hwang alimwi a Yan-Der Hsuuw. * Amulange-lange nzyobaamba.

Syaazibwene Gene Hwang wiiya namba mbozijatikizyidwe mumakani aatwaambo tujanika mumaseelo. Aciindi cimwi wakali kusyoma mukusanduka kwazintu, pele buvwuntauzi bwakwe bwakacinca mbwaakali kuzilanga zintu. Wakaambila balembi ba Sinsimuka! kuti: “Lwiiyo lujatikizya twaambo tujanika mumaseelo, lulagwasya mukumvwisya buumi mbobubede—calo icindipa kukankama kubona mbwali musongo Mulengi.”

Syaazibwene Yan-Der Hsuuw ngwalupati-pati mumakani aakuvwuntauzya nsalalila ku Taiwan’s National Pingtung University of Science and Technology. Awalo aciindi cimwi wakali kusyoma mukusanduka kusikila ciindi buvwuntauzi bwakwe nobwakacinca mbwaakali kuyeeya. Kujatikizya maseelo mbwaavwula alimwi amilimo iindene-indene njaajisi, wakaamba kuti: “Maseelo aali kabotu alapangwa aciindi ceelede alimwi munzila yeelede. Cakusaanguna alalibunga-bunga kutegwa abe manji, kwamana boobo apanga zizo zyamubili. Sena kuli syaazibwene uukonzya kulemba malailile aajatikizya mbocicitika eeci? Taakwe uukonzya kucita oobo, pele malailile aayeendelezya mboikomena nsalalila alilembedwe kabotu-kabotu mu DNA. Nondilanga-langa zyoonse eezyi mbozili kabotu, cindipa kusyoma ncobeni kuti Leza ngowakalenga buumi.”

Gene Hwang (kulumwensyi), Yan-Der Hsuuw (kululyo)

SENA KULI MBOCIGWASYA KUZYIBA MAKANI AAYA?

Inzya cilagwasya! Ikuti naa Leza ngowakalenga buumi, nkokuti ngonguwe iweelela kutembaulwa ikutali njiisyo yakusanduka. (Ciyubunuzyo 4:11) Alimwi kuti naa twakalengwa a Mulengi musongo kapati, nkokuti kuli kaambo ncotuli anyika. Eeci nocatali boobu nokwali kuti buumi bwakabako akaambo kakusanduka. *

Ncobeni, bantu basongo balayanda kuba abwiinguzi bukkazika moyo. Syaazibwene wa neurology alimwi a psychiatry, Viktor Frankl wakaamba kuti: “Icipa muntu kuyanda kuzyiba kaambo ncaponena, ncecintu cimukulwaizya mubuumi bwakwe.” Kucaamba munzila imwi, tujisi nzala yakuyanda kuzyiba Leza, yalo iikonzya kumana lilikke buyo kuti twasyoma kuti twakalengwa a Leza. Pele ikuti Leza ngowakatulenga, sena wakatupa nzila yakumana nzala eeyi yakuyanda kumuzyiba?

Jesu Kristo wakawiingula mubuzyo ooyu naakaamba kuti: “Muntu teelede kuponena acinkwa cilikke pe, pele weelede kuponena amajwi oonse aazwa kumulomo wa Jehova [naa, Leza].” (Matayo 4:4) Majwi aa Jehova, aalembedwe mu Bbaibbele, agwasya mamiliyoni aabantu kumana nzala yabo yakuyanda kuzyiba Leza, abapa kupona buumi bukkomanisya alimwi akubapa bulangizi. (1 Batesalonika 2:13) Amulekele Bbaibbele kuti limugwasye andinywe. Ncobeni eeli ndibbuku ndyomuyandika kulanga-langa.

^ par. 3 Basyaazibwene ba Watson alimwi a Crick bakasumpula buvwuntauzi bwakacitwa abasyaazibwene bamwi bakaindi kujatikizya DNA nkokuti deoxyribonucleic acid.—Amubone kabbokesi kakuti “ DNA—Madeeti Aayandika.”

^ par. 6 Mabala aaya aiminina adenine, cytosine, guanine, alimwi a thymine.

^ par. 18 Mulakonzya kujana mibandi yakubuzya-buzya basayaansi ibalemekwa awebbusaiti yesu, jw.org.. Amutyanke aalembedwe kuti Search, akulemba kuti “interview scientist.”

^ par. 22 Makani aamba zyakusanduka naa kulenga alabandikwa cakuzulila mu broshuwa yakuti The Origin of Life—Five Questions Worth Asking alimwi ayakuti Was Life Created? nkwaali a www.jw.org.