Mme Andida Nnọ—Ndi Ẹkeda Ẹnọ Mme Christian m̀mê Ẹkekabade Ẹdi Mbon Akwaifiọk?

KE N̄KPỌ nte isua 1,900 emi ẹkebede, ndusụk n̄kpọ emi ẹkedoride mme Christian edi ke mmọ ẹkedi mme adan̄ iman, mme owot nditọ, ye mme ata owo. Emi ama anam ẹnen̄ede ẹkọbọ mmọ tutu mbon oro ẹkedọhọde ke idi mme ewet ukpepn̄kpọ Ido Ukpono Christ ẹdọhọ ke ana mmimọ in̄wana iban̄a mbuọtidem mmimọ. Mme ewet n̄wed emi, oro ẹkediọn̄ọde nte ini akakade nte mme andida nnọ, m̀mê mme andin̄wana mban̄a ukpepn̄kpọ mmọ, ẹma ẹkụt ẹte ke ana iwụt ke ido ukpono mmimọ inyeneke mfịna man ukara Rome ye mbio obio ẹma mmọ. Emi ekedi edue ukot akpa itọn̄, sia n̄kukụre n̄kpọ oro owo ekenyenede ndinam man ukara ye mbio obio ẹma enye ekedi ndinam se mmọ ẹdọhọde. Akana mmọ ẹdu ke ukpeme n̄ko mbak ẹdinam ẹdọdiọn̄ ẹkọbọ mmọ m̀mê mbak ẹdisiak mmọn̄ ke ukpepn̄kpọ mme Christian ke ntak emi ẹnyịmede se mîkpanaha ẹnyịme. Didie ke mme andida nnọ emi ẹken̄wana ẹban̄a ido ukpono mmọ? Nso ntak ke mmọ ẹkenọ? Nso ikedi utịp ukeme oro mmọ ẹkesịnde?

Mme Andida Nnọ ye Obio Ukara Rome

Mme andida nnọ ẹkedi iren emi ẹkefiọkde n̄wed ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,850 emi ẹkebede. Mbon oro ẹkewọrọde etop ẹkan ke otu mmọ ẹkedi Justin Martyr, Clement eke Alexandria, ye Tertullian. * Mmọ ẹkewet n̄wed mmọ akpan akpan ẹnọ mme okpono ndem ye ukara Rome, man ẹnam mme ukpepn̄kpọ Christian ẹn̄wan̄a mmọ, ẹma ẹnyụn̄ ẹkot ndien ndien ẹto Bible. Ata akpan n̄kpọ oro mme andida nnọ ẹkenamde ekedi ndibiọn̄ọ mbon oro ẹkekọbọde mmọ, ẹwụt ke mme edori ikọ mmọ idịghe akpanikọ, ẹnyụn̄ ẹtịn̄ nti n̄kpọ ẹban̄a mme Christian.

Kiet ke otu n̄kpọ oro ẹkenen̄erede ẹbehe mme andida nnọ ekedi ndinam mme andikara ẹfiọk ke mme Christian ikedịghe mme asua akwa edidem m̀mê obio ukara. Tertullian ama ọdọhọ ke akwa edidem edi enye emi “Abasi nnyịn emekde,” ndien Athenagoras ọkọdọhọ ke mbon emi ẹtode ufọk ubọn̄ kpọt ẹkpekara, emi ọwọrọde ke mmọ ẹma ẹsịn idem ke ukara eyo oro. Ke ndinam ntre, mmọ ẹma ẹfụmi ikọ emi Jesus Christ ọkọdọhọde ete: “Obio ubọn̄ mi idịghe ubak ererimbot emi.”—John 18:36.

 Mme andida nnọ ẹma ẹdọhọ n̄ko ke akpana ukara Rome ye Ido Ukpono Christ ẹdiana kiet ẹnam n̄kpọ. Melito ọkọdọhọ ke Ido ukpono Christ ama etiene anam ufọn ọnọ obio ukara oro. Owo emi ekewetde The Epistle to Diognetus, emi mîkasiakke enyịn̄ esie, ekewet ete ke mme Christian ẹdi mme akpan owo ke ererimbot, emi ‘ẹdiande ererimbot ọtọkiet.’ Tertullian n̄ko ama ewet ete mme Christian ẹbọn̄ akam ẹben̄e uforo obio ukara ẹnyụn̄ ẹbọn̄ ẹte utịt editịm n̄kpọ emi okûdi kan̄a. Emi ama anam etie nte ke Obio Ubọn̄ Abasi ndidi inen̄ekede idi akpan n̄kpọ.—Matthew 6:9, 10.

Inua-Okot Ido Ukpono Christ Akabade Ukpepn̄kpọ Akwaifiọk

Celsus, emi ekedide owo akwaifiọk ama asak mme Christian ete ke mmọ ẹdi “mbon emi ẹsinamde ọkpọsọn̄ utom, mme anam ikpaukot, mme ọtọin̄wan̄, mme akakan ọkọi ye nditen̄.” Mme andida nnọ ikekemeke ndiyọ nsahi emi. Mmọ ẹma ẹbiere ndida obufa usụn̄ nnam mbio obio ẹda ye mmimọ. Mmọ ẹma ẹda ọniọn̄ ererimbot emi mmọ ẹkesịnde ke akpa ẹn̄wana ẹnọ inua-okot Ido Ukpono Christ. Ke uwụtn̄kpọ, Clement eke Alexandria akada ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk nte “ata ukpepn̄kpọ ido ukpono.” Justin, emi ọkọdọhọde ke imọ imaha ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk mme okpono ndem, ekedi akpa owo emi akadade usem ye ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk ekpep inua-okot ukpepn̄kpọ mme Christian, ete ke ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk enye oro “idiọkke onyụn̄ enyene ufọn.”

Ọtọn̄ọde ke ini oro, obufa usụn̄ oro mmọ ẹkesiode ẹdi ikedịghe ndidọhọ ke ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk ifọnke, edi ekedi ndinam se mmọ ẹkekotde ukpepn̄kpọ Christian edi ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk oro akande eke mme okpono ndem. Justin ekewet ete: “Nnyịn ikpep ukem se mme ewet uto ye mbon akwaifiọk emi mbufo ẹkponode ẹkpepde ke ndusụk n̄kpọ, ndien ke mme n̄kpọ en̄wen, mme ukpepn̄kpọ nnyịn ẹnen̄ede ẹtụn̄ọ ẹnyụn̄ ẹnen̄ede ẹdi n̄kpọ Abasi.” Sia mmọ idahaemi ẹkedade ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk ẹkpep inua-okot ukpepn̄kpọ Christian, mmọ ẹkekpep enye nte n̄kpọ oro ama okododu, emi odotde ukpono. Mme andida nnọ ẹkedọhọ ke mme n̄wed Christian ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹbịghi ẹkan eke mbon Greece, ye nte ke mme prọfet Bible ẹma ẹdu uwem mbemiso mbon akwaifiọk Greece. Ndusụk mme andida nnọ ẹma ẹkam ẹdọhọ ke mbon akwaifiọk ẹkeda se mmọ ẹkewetde ẹto n̄wed mme prọfet. Mmọ ẹma ẹkam ẹdọhọ ke Plato ekedi mbet Moses!

Ẹsiak Mmọn̄ ke Ido Ukpono Christ

Obufa usụn̄ oro mmọ ẹkesiode ẹdi mi ama anam ẹbuak Ido Ukpono Christ ye ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk mme okpono ndem. Ẹma ẹmen mme  abasi mbon Greece ẹdomo ye mme owo oro ẹsiakde ke Bible. Ẹma ẹmen Jesus ẹdomo ye Perseus; ẹmen Mary ndiyomo ẹdomo ye Danaë eka Perseus ndiyomo, emi ẹkedọhọde ke ekedi n̄ko n̄wan emi mîfiọkke erenowo.

Ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹkpụhọde ndusụk ukpepn̄kpọ. Ke uwụtn̄kpọ, ke Bible, ẹkot Jesus “Logos,” emi ọwọrọde “Ikọ” Abasi, m̀mê Anditịn̄ ikọ ke ibuot Abasi. (John 1:1-3, 14-18; Ediyarade 19:11-13) Toto ke ata ntọn̄ọ, Justin ama oyụrọde ukpepn̄kpọ emi, sia ikọ Greek oro logos ekemede ndiwọrọ nsio nsio n̄kpọ iba—oro edi, “ikọ” ye “ekikere”—enye akanam n̄kpọ nte mbon akwaifiọk, ada oro anam se enye akaduakde. Enye ọkọdọhọ ke Christ ke idemesie edi ikọ emi mme Christian ẹkebọde. Edi, ke logos oro edide ekikere odu kpukpru owo ke idem, esịnede mme okpono ndem. Mmọdo, enye ọkọdọhọ ke kpukpru owo oro ẹdude uwem ekekem ye ekikere ẹdi mme Christian, idem mbon oro ẹdọhọde ke Abasi idụhe m̀mê mbon oro ẹkekerede ke mmọ inịmke ke Abasi odu, utọ nte Socrates ye mbon eken.

Akan oro, ke ndimen Jesus ndomo ye logos oro ẹkpepde ke ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk Greece, emi ekenen̄erede enyene ebuana ye Abasi, mme andida nnọ, esịnede Tertullian ẹma ẹtọn̄ọ n̄kpọ oro akanamde Ido Ukpono Christ ke ukperedem ekpep ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet. *

Ke akpasarade Bible, ikọ oro “ukpọn̄” odu utịm ike 850 ke Bible, emi esịnede se ibede utịm ike 100 ke ikọ Greek. Enye ọwọrọ akpan akpan edibotn̄kpọ oro ekemede ndikpa, edide owo m̀mê unam. (1 Corinth 15:45; James 5:20; Ediyarade 16:3) Edi, mme andida nnọ ẹma ẹyụrọde ukpepn̄kpọ Bible oro ke ndibuan enye ye ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk Plato, emi ọdọhọde ke ukpọn̄ edi isio ye idem owo, ke owo isikwe enye, ndien ke enye isikpaha. Minucius Felix ama akam ọdọhọ ke ukpepn̄kpọ ediset ke n̄kpa ọkọtọn̄ọ ke ini emi Pythagoras ekekpepde ke ukpọn̄ esiwọrọ okodụn̄ ke ebiet en̄wen. Ukpepn̄kpọ mbon Greece ama enen̄ede otụn mmọ usụn̄ ọkpọn̄ se Bible ekpepde!

Ẹmek Se Mînenke

Ndusụk mme andida nnọ ẹma ẹfiọk ke ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk ekeme ndibiat Ido Ukpono Christ. Edi okposụkedi emi mmọ ẹkedọhọde ke mbon akwaifiọk inenke, mmọ ẹkesụk ẹmama nte akwaifiọk esinamde ẹkere n̄kpọ. Ke uwụtn̄kpọ, Tatian ama asua ọnọ mbon akwaifiọk ete ke mmọ inyeneke ufọn ndomokiet, edi okot Ido Ukpono Christ “ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk nnyịn” onyụn̄ ada mme ekikere ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk ekpep n̄kpọ. Tertullian ama ada inua kiet enen̄ede asua nte mme Christian ẹkeyakde ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk mme okpono ndem abiat ekikere mmọ. Edi ada inua en̄wen etịn̄ ke imọ iyom nditiene nde ikpat “Justin, owo akwaifiọk ye akpan̄kpa usụn̄ Abasi; Miltiades, emi ekesinenide eneni ọnọ mme ufọkabasi,” ye mbon en̄wen. Ẹkekot Athenagoras “Christian owo akwaifiọk Athens.” Amaedi Clement, ẹdọhọ ke enye ekekere ke “mme Christian ẹkeme ndida mbufiọk nda ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk n̄kọ ọniọn̄ nnyụn̄ n̄n̄wana nnọ ido ukpono mmọ.”

Se ededi unen oro mme andida nnọ ẹkekụtde ke ndin̄wana nnọ ido ukpono mmọ, mmọ ẹma ẹnam ata akamba ndudue. Didie ke edi ntre? Apostle Paul ama eti mme Christian ete ke akakan  ke otu ndamban̄a n̄kpọekọn̄ mmọ edi “ikọ Abasi,” emi ‘enyenede uwem onyụn̄ enyenede odudu.’ Paul ọkọdọhọ ke ida enye “iwụri mme ekikere ye kpukpru n̄kpọ eke ẹkon̄de emi ẹmenerede ke enyọn̄ ndin̄wana ye ifiọk Abasi.”—Mme Hebrew 4:12; 2 Corinth 10:4, 5; Ephesus 6: 17.

Ke okoneyo oro ekesierede usen oro ẹkewotde Jesus, enye ama ọdọhọ mme mbet esie ete: “Ẹnyene uko! Ami mmakan ererimbot.” (John 16:33) Idomo ye ukụt oro enye okokụtde ke ini enye okodude ke ererimbot ikanamke mbuọtidem ye nsọn̄ọnda esie ye Ete esie emem. Kpasụk ntre, John emi edide akpatre apostle emi akakpade, ekewet ete: “Emi edi edikan eke akande ererimbot, kpa mbuọtidem nnyịn.” (1 John 5:4) Okposụkedi emi mme andida nnọ ẹkeyomde ndin̄wana nnọ Ido Ukpono Christ, mmọ ẹma ẹdue ke ndida ukpepn̄kpọ ye ekikere akwaifiọk ererimbot. Ke ndinam ntre, mme andida nnọ ẹma ẹyak utọ ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk oro otụn mmọ usụn̄, ndien ke ntem, ẹyak ererimbot akan mmọ ye orụk Ido Ukpono Christ mmọ. Ntre, utu ke mme andida nnọ eke akpa ufọkabasi ndin̄wana nnọ ata Ido Ukpono Christ, m̀mê ẹkededue-e, mmọ ẹma ẹduọ ẹdụk afia Satan, emi “ke idemesie akaka iso ndiforo angel un̄wana.”—2 Corinth 11:14.

Ata ediwak mme ọkwọrọ ederi ye mme ekpep ukpepn̄kpọ ido ukpono mfịn ẹnam kpasụk ntre. Utu ke ndida Ikọ Abasi n̄n̄wana nnọ ata Ido Ukpono Christ, mmọ ẹsiwak ndisụhọde Bible itie ẹnyụn̄ ẹkpep ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk ererimbot man mme owo ye ukara ẹma mmọ. Utu ke ndidụri mme owo utọn̄ mban̄a nte ọdiọkde ndikpebe mme edu ererimbot emi mîkemke ye N̄wed Abasi, mmọ ẹmekabade mme andikpep emi ẹnamde ofụri se ẹkekeme man ẹtịn̄ “se utọn̄” mme andikpan̄ utọn̄ nnọ mmọ “ẹmade ndikop,” man ẹkọ mbet. (2 Timothy 4:3) Ọdiọk ọsọn̄ sia ukem nte mme andida nnọ ke eset, mme andikpep emi ẹmefụmi se apostle Paul eketịn̄de ete: “Ẹkpeme idem: mbak edidi odu owo eke edidade ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk owo ye ikpîkpu abian̄a obụme mbufo nte asan̄ade ekekem ye item owo, nte asan̄ade ekekem ye mme akpa n̄kpọ eke ererimbot inyụn̄ isan̄ake ikekem ye Christ.” Ndien ẹti nnyịn ke “utịt mmọ eyekem ye mme utom mmọ.”—Colossae 2:8; 2 Corinth 11:15.

[Mme Ikọ Idakisọn̄]

[Se ẹwetde ke ikpọ abisi ke page 31]

“Nnyịn iwụri mme ekikere ye kpukpru n̄kpọ eke ẹkon̄de emi ẹmenerede ke enyọn̄ ndin̄wana ye ifiọk Abasi.”—2 CORINTH 10:5

[Ndise ke page 28]

Justin ọkọdọhọ ke ndikpep ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk “idiọkke onyụn̄ enyene ufọn”

[Ndise ke page 29]

Clement akada ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk nte “ata ukpepn̄kpọ ido ukpono”

[Ndise ke page 29]

Ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk oro Tertullian ekekpepde akanam ẹkpep ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet

[Ndise ke page 29]

Tatian okokot Ido Ukpono Christ “ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk nnyịn”

[Ndise page 30]

Mme ọkwọrọ ederi ye mme ekpep ukpepn̄kpọ ido ukpono mfịn ẹkpebe mme andida nnọ

[Ndise ke page 31]

Apostle Paul ama odụri mme owo utọn̄ aban̄a ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk owo ye ikpîkpu abian̄a

[Mme Ebiet Ẹdade Ndise Ẹto ke page 29]

Clement: Historical Pictures Service; Tertullian: © Bibliothèque nationale de France