Nutoa Me Takpɔkpɔ​—Dzidzedze Ka Kpɔm Míele?

CHERNOBYL, Bhopal Valdez, Three Mile Island. Ŋkɔ siawo nana woɖoa ŋku afɔku siwo dzɔ le nuto aɖewo me le xexeame ƒe akpa vovovowo la dzi. Afɔku siawo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe ɖoa ŋku edzi na mí be wole nu gblẽm le anyigba ƒe nutowo ŋu.

Dziɖuɖuwo kple ame ɖekaɖekawo le nu xlɔ̃m amewo tso eŋu. Wo dometɔ aɖewo ɖe afɔ wòdze gaglã be woatsɔ agblɔ woƒe nukpɔsusu. Englandtɔ agbalẽdzraɖoƒedzikpɔla aɖe tsɔ kɔsɔkɔsɔ bla eɖokui ɖe anyigbakumɔ̃ ŋu tsɔ tsi tre ɖe mɔ si dom wole to nuto aɖe si me lãwo kple numiemiewo mele tututu o ŋu. Australia nyɔnu Dzɔleaƒe eve tsi tre ɖe tomenu aɖe si nye uranium kuku ŋu le dukɔa ƒe modzakaɖebɔ aɖe me. Wodzudzɔ dɔa wɔwɔ. Togbɔ be taɖodzinu nyuiwoe nɔa dɔ siawo ŋu hã la, menye ɣesiaɣie amewo kpɔa ŋudzedze ɖe wo ŋu o. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, ƒudzisrafomegã aɖe si nɔ anyi le Soviet ƒe dziɖuɣi tsi dzi vevie  ɖe keklẽŋusẽ siwo nɔ dodom tso ƒugɔmeʋawɔʋu aɖe si nyrɔ ɖe me la ŋu. Esi wòɖe gbeƒã afisi afɔkua dzɔ le la, wolée ɖe eta.

Habɔbɔ vovovowo hã nɔ gbeƒã ɖem ŋɔdzi siwo dze ŋgɔ míaƒe nutoa me. Wo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe Agbalẽsɔsrɔ̃, Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya, Kple Dekɔnu Nyawo Gbɔkpɔha; Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe Yamenutome Ðoɖowɔha; kple Greenpeace habɔbɔ. Habɔbɔ siawo dometɔ aɖewo ƒoa nu tso nutome ŋu ne eku ɖe woƒe dɔ ŋu. Ke nutoa ƒe kuxiwo ŋuti nyawo ta kaka koŋue nye bubuwo ya ƒe taɖodzinu. Wonya Greenpeace habɔbɔa nyuie be edɔa nutome ƒe dedienɔnɔ taʋlilawo ɖe teƒe siwo me nutoa ŋuti nyaʋiʋliwo do mo ɖa le. Wohea amewo ƒe susu yia nuwo abe xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ, nu gbagbe aɖewo ƒe tsɔtsrɔ̃, kple afɔku siwo le lã kple numiemie siwo ƒe domenyiŋusẽ ŋu wotrɔ asi le ene la dzi.

Nutome ƒe dedienɔnɔ taʋlila aɖewo gblɔ be yewozãa “dzɔdzɔmenuwo tsɔ wɔa avu ɖe xexeame ƒe nɔnɔme ŋuti kuxiwo nu.” Esia fia be wozãa mɔnuwo abe kɔsɔkɔsɔ dede wo ɖokui ɖe atidzedɔwɔƒewo ƒe agbowo nu be woatsɔ atsi tre ɖe atiwo tsotso le ave tsitsiwo me ŋu. Ƒuƒoƒo bubu aɖe tsi tre ɖe ɣeyiɣi si dukɔ aɖe ɖo ɖe dɔa aɖe wɔwɔ ŋu esi wokpla ŋku ƒe nɔnɔmetata gãwo va do ɖe dukɔa teƒenɔlawo ƒe dɔwɔƒewo tsɔ fia be amewo le nusi wɔm wole la kpɔm.

Seɖoƒe mele nutome ŋuti kuxiwo ŋu o. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, ame ɖekaɖekawo kple habɔbɔwo le nu xlɔ̃m amewo ɣesiaɣi tso afɔku si le alesi wole ɖi ƒom tsi ŋu. Gake mɔkpɔkpɔ nyui aɖeke meli o. Tsinono nyui meli na ame biliɔn ɖeka be woano o. Time magazine gblɔ be, “ame miliɔn 3.4 kuna ƒe sia ƒe le dɔléle siwo tsi nyui makpɔmakpɔ hena vɛ ta.” Ðiƒoƒo ya hã nye kuxi bubu. Agbalẽ si nye The State of World Population 2001 ka nya ta be “ɖiƒoƒo ya nana ame miliɔn 2.7 va ɖo miliɔn 3.0 kuna ƒe sia ƒe.” Egblɔ kpee be “ya si ƒo ɖi le gota gblẽa nu le ame siwo wu biliɔn 1.1 ŋu.” Le kpɔɖeŋu me, woka nya ta le agbalẽa me be “nusiwo tsaka kple yae hea akɔtadɔ vovovo siwo dzea ɖevi alafa ɖeka siwo le Europa dometɔ 10 dzi la vɛ.” Nyateƒee, togbɔ be wole nu xlɔ̃m amewo eye wole afɔwo ɖem hã la, ɖeko kuxi siwo gblẽa nu le nu vevi siwo le vevie na agbe ŋu la le fievo dom ɖe edzi.

Ame geɖewo bunɛ be nɔnɔmea tsi tre ɖe eɖokui ŋu. Nyatakaka siwo menɔ anyi kpɔ o lae li ku ɖe nutome ŋuti kuxiwo ŋu. Ame ɖekaɖeka kple habɔbɔ gbogbo aɖewoe tsɔ ɖe le nutome ƒe dedienɔnɔ ŋu. Dziɖuɖuwo ɖo dɔwɔƒewo be woatsɔ akpɔ kuxiwo gbɔ. Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya gbogbo si menɔ anyi kpɔ o si woatsɔ akpɔ kuxiwo gbɔe le mía si fifia. Gake edze abe nuwo gbe nyonyo ene. Nukatae?

Kuxi Gbogbowo Ŋgɔyiyi Ʋɛwo

Ðe woɖoe be ŋgɔyiyi siwo woawɔ le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me nana nuwo nanɔ bɔbɔe na mí le agbe me hafi. Esia va eme le go aɖewo me. Gake “ŋgɔyiyi” sia kee gale nutowo ƒe kuxiwo dzim ɖe edzi. Míekpɔa dzidzɔ ɖe nusiwo woto mɔ̃ɖaŋununya kple ŋgɔyiyi dzi wɔ na mí la ŋu, gake nusiawo wɔwɔ kpakple wo ŋudɔwɔwɔ kee nana wogblẽa xexeame ƒe akpa aɖewo.

Esiawo ƒe kpɔɖeŋu ɖeka enye ʋuwo. Wona míaƒe mɔzɔzɔ tsɔna henɔa bɔbɔe. Ame ʋɛ ŋutɔŋutɔ aɖewo koe adi be yewoagatrɔ ɖe ɣeyiɣi si me wozãa sɔwo kple wo ŋu kekewo la ŋu. Ke hã egbegbe mɔzɔzɔ mɔnuwo he kuxi geɖewo vɛ. Wo dometɔ ɖekae nye xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ. Amegbetɔwo na yamenutome ƒe nɔnɔme trɔ to mɔ̃ɖaŋunu siwo tua ya gbegblẽ tɔn miliɔn nanewo toto vɛ me. Wogblɔ be ya gbegblẽ siawo he nusi woyɔna be yame  ƒe dzoxɔxɔ gbagbagbã vɛ, si na dzoxɔxɔ ɖo yamenuto hã me. Dzoxɔxɔa nu sẽ ɖe edzi le ƒe alafa si va yi me. United States Nutome Takpɔha ka nya ta be “ƒe 10 siwo xɔ dzo wu le ƒe alafa 20 lia katã me la dzɔ le ƒe 15 mamlɛ siwo wu ƒe alafa la nu me.” Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala aɖewo xɔe se be xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ le mama dedie nu atso dzoxɔxɔ ƒe dzidzenu Celsius 1.4 va ɖo Celsius 5.8 le ƒe alafa 21 lia me.

Wole mɔ kpɔm be xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ gbagbagbã ahe kuxi bubuwo vɛ. Sno ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le Xexeame ƒe Dziehe dzi le ɖeɖem kpɔtɔ. Tsikpe si keke kilometa 3,250 le dzogoe eneawo katã me gbã le Antarctica le ƒe 2002 ƒe gɔmedzedze. Atsiaƒu ate ŋu aɖɔ ɖe edzi kabakaba le ƒe alafa sia me. Esi xexeame nɔlawo ƒe akpa etɔ̃lia le atsiaƒu gbɔ ŋutɔŋutɔ ta la, esia ate ŋu ana amewo nabu woƒe aƒewo kple agbledenyigbawo. Agate ŋu ahe nɔnɔme sesẽwo va ƒutaduwo hã dzi.

Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo xɔe se be dzoxɔxɔ gbagbagbã ahe tsidzadza gãwo vɛ eye wòahe xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ kple fafa miamiamia siwo gbɔ eme la vɛ. Ame aɖewo see le wo ɖokui me be ahom sesẽwo abe esi wu ame 90 eye wòtsrɔ̃ ati miliɔn 270 le France le ƒe 1999 la nye nusiwo gbɔna dzɔdzɔ ge ƒe kpɔɖeŋu sue aɖe ko. Numekula bubuwo hã xɔe se be yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ ahe dɔléle siwo nye asrã, ƒunukpeƒeŋudza (dengue), kpakple mĩŋɔŋɔ kple xeɖeɖe ƒe dɔlélewo vɛ.

Ʋuwo ƒe kpɔɖeŋua ɖe alesi mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe kuxia ate ŋu adzi ŋɔe—wonye nutovɛ siwo ŋu viɖe le, gake wohea kuxi gbogbo siwo le nu gblẽm le amewo ƒe agbe ŋu le mɔ vovovowo nu la vɛ. Agbalẽ si nye Human Development Report 2001 ƒe nya si wògblɔ nye nyateƒe be: “Ŋgɔyiyi ɖesiaɖe si wowɔ le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me hea viɖe kple kuxiwo vɛ, eye womate ŋu akpɔ esiawo dometɔ aɖewo do ŋgɔ o.”

Wotrɔna ɖe mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ŋu zi geɖe hena nutome ƒe kuxiwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, nutome ƒe dedienɔnɔ taʋlilawo tsi tre ɖe nudzodzoewutike zazã ŋu ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe enye esia. Esi woto numiemie siwo ƒe domenyiŋusẽ ŋu wotrɔ asi le vɛ be woatsɔ aɖe nudzodzoewutikewo zazã ɖa la, edze abe mɔ̃ɖaŋununya na egbɔkpɔnu nyui aɖe ene. Gake le bli ƒomevi si nye Bt si ŋu wotrɔ asi le be wòakpɔ bliti la ta nudzodzoewutike mazamazãe gome la, dodokpɔwo ɖee fia be ate ŋu awu kpakpaluʋui ƒomevi aɖewo hã. Eyata “egbɔkpɔnu” aɖewo agate ŋu atrɔ bubui eye wòahe kuxi bubu geɖewo vɛ.

Ðe Dziɖuɖuwo Ate Ŋu Ana Kpekpeɖeŋua?

Esi nutome dome gbegblẽ nye kuxi gã aɖe ta la, egbɔkpɔkpɔ dzidzedzetɔe abia xexeame dziɖuɖuwo ƒe asidede nyaa me. Le go aɖewo me la dzi nɔ dziɖuɖu teƒenɔla aɖewo ƒo ŋutɔ si na wokafu tɔtrɔ nyui siwo ade nutowo me dzi. Gake emetsonuawo nɔa ʋɛ eye womebɔ o.

Esia ƒe kpɔɖeŋu ɖekae nye dukɔwo dome takpekpe aɖe si wowɔ le Japan le ƒe 1997 me. Dukɔwo ʋli nya geɖe le nubabla si woawɔ atsɔ aɖe nusiwo le xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ hem vɛ la dzi akpɔtɔ. Mlɔeba la, wolɔ̃ ɖe nubabla aɖe dzi wòwɔ nuku na ame geɖe. Wova yɔ nubabla sia be Kyoto Nubabla. Wobe woaɖe aɖidzudzɔ dzi akpɔtɔ wòaɖo alafa memama 5.2 le ƒe 2012 me le nuto deŋgɔwo abe Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Ðekawɔha, Japan, kple le United States ene me. Nya nyui aɖee nye ema. Gake le ƒe 2001 ƒe gɔmedzedze la, United States dziɖuɖua ɖee fia be yele asi ɖem le Kyoto Nubablaa ŋu. Esia wɔ moya na ame geɖe esi United States ye nye afisi xexeame nɔla siwo anɔ 5 le alafa me le eye wònye afimae wowɔa aɖiya ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si nye ɖeka le ene me le ta. Azɔ hã dziɖuɖu bubuwo he ɖe megbe le asidada ɖe nubabla la dzi me.

Kpɔɖeŋu si míegblɔ va yi ɖe alesi wòsesẽ na dziɖuɖuwo be woake ɖe kuxia gbɔ kpɔnu nyui ŋu la fia. Esesẽ be woaƒo dziɖuɖu vovovowo nu ƒu eye menɔa bɔbɔe na wo be woalɔ̃ ɖe nutome kuxiwo gbɔ kpɔmɔnu aɖe dzi o. Eye ne wode asi nubabla aɖe te hã la, wo dometɔ aɖewo hena ɖe megbe le edziwɔwɔ me. Esesẽna na bubuwo be woatsɔ nusi dzi woda asi ɖo  ade dɔwɔwɔ me. Le go bubuwo me la, dziɖuɖu kple habɔbɔwo senɛ le wo ɖokui me be yewomate ŋu alɔ̃ ɖe ga si hiã be woatsɔ adzra nutome ɖo la dzi o. Le teƒe aɖewo la, ŋukeklẽ koŋue nyea kuxia, elabena adzɔha gãwo ƒonɛ ɖe dziɖuɖuwo nu be woagawɔ ɖoɖo siwo agblẽ viɖe siwo wokpɔna tsoa woƒe dɔwɔnawo me o. Enye nusi dze ƒã be asitsahawo kple adzɔhawo dina be yewoaɖe vi geɖe tso anyigba ŋu alesi wòanya wɔ emetsonuawo ŋu mabumabui.

Nusi wɔe be nya la gagblẽ ɖe edzi enye alesi  dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo katã melɔ̃na ɖe edzi be anyigbaa domegbegblẽ ahe afɔku dziŋɔwo vɛ o. Eyata kakaɖedzi mele dziɖuɖu ƒe sewɔlawo si ku ɖe alesi gbegbe woaxe mɔ ɖe asitsanyawo nu atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe kuxi aɖe si ate ŋu alolo alo malolo o abe alesi wosusui ene nu o.

Amegbetɔƒomea ɖo nɔnɔme sesẽ aɖe me. Amesiame nya be kuxi aɖe li eye ele be woawɔ nane tso eŋu. Dukɔ aɖewo le agbagba dzem kutrikukutɔe, gake ɖeko nutome kuxi geɖewo le dzidzim ɖe edzi. Ekema ɖeko anyigba ava zu afisi agbe manya nɔ le oa? Mina míadzro biabia sia me.

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TOƔLIÐEÐE

Ðiƒoƒo ƒomevi aɖe li si womekpɔna o gake wosenɛ—eyae nye toɣliɖeɖe. Eŋutinunyalawo gblɔ be eya hã nye kuxi elabena ehea totsitsidɔ, nuteɖeamedzi, ʋusɔgbɔdɔ, alɔ̃madɔmadɔ, kpakple dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie ŋuti kuxiwo vɛ. Ðevi siwo dea suku le nuto siwo me toɣliɖeɖe le la mate ŋu atu nuxexlẽ nyuie ƒe ŋutetewo ɖo o.

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AVEWO TSƆTSRƆ̃ NA ALEGELIWO DZI ÐE EDZI

Esi alegeliwo dzi ɖe edzi le du 15 siwo le Samar, Philippines, me la, dziɖuɖua gblɔ be avewo tsɔtsrɔ̃ le nutoa me gbɔe kuxia tso. Avewo tsɔtsrɔ̃ na lãlénu siwo léa alegeliwo dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ eye nuɖuɖu meganɔ anyi na alegliawo ŋutɔ o. Esia na alegeliawo ʋu yi amenɔƒewo be woava di nuɖuɖu.

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

© Michael Harvey/Panos Pictures

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AÐINUE GBLẼ NU LE WO ŊU VAVÃA?

Esi Michael xɔ ƒe etɔ̃ kple afã la, wode dzesii be kansa ƒomevi aɖe dze edzi. Ne eya ɖeka koe le dɔ sia lém la, ekema mawɔ nuku boo o. Gake wova de dzesi emegbe be kansa dze ɖevi bubu siwo ade 100 siwo le nuto sue ma ke me dzi. Esia na vɔvɔ̃ ɖo dzila geɖewo. Ame aɖewo bui be atikewɔha siwo le nutoa me ƒe dɔwɔnawoe na kansa dze amesiwo ƒe xexlẽme womenya tututu o la dzi. Numekuku ɖee fia be dɔwɔha si kpɔa gbeɖuɖɔ ƒe nyawo gbɔe tsɔ aɖitiketsi gago aɖe le atikewɔhawo dometɔ ɖeka gbɔ va da ɖe afisi te ɖe koklonyiƒe aɖe gbɔ, eye wokua eƒe ɖe ƒua gbe ɣeaɖewoɣi. Numekulawo va de dzesi tsivudo aɖewo siwo me aɖia ge ɖo le nutoa me. Ðeko wòna dzilawo va le ebum nenye be esiae na wo viwo le kansa dɔ lém.

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AÐITIKEWO

Le Xexemeʋa II ƒe nuwuwu megbe la, wotsɔ aɖinu tɔn 120,000 siwo ƒe akpa gãtɔ nye esi woyɔna be phosgene kple aɖiya bubuwo de meliwo me ɖanyrɔ wo ɖe atsiaƒu me le Northern Ireland ƒe dzieheɣetoɖoƒe gome. Russia dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo xlɔ̃ nu ku ɖe afɔku si li be aɖinu siawo ate ɖuɖu fifia la ŋu.

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YA ƑOÐI TE ŊU WUA AME

Xexeame ƒe Lãmesẽ Habɔbɔ gblɔ be ya ƒoɖie wua ame 5 va ɖo 6 le alafa me siwo kuna le xexeame godoo ƒe sia ƒe. Le Ontario, Canada, ɖeɖeko la, woka nya ta be dukɔmeviwo gblẽa dɔlar biliɔn ɖeka ƒe sia ƒe ɖe lãmesẽnyawo kple dɔmemayimayi ŋuti kuxi siwo ya ƒoɖi hena vɛ la ta.

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ADZAKPO SIWO LE KUKUM

Lãɖela aɖewo siwo le Asia ƒe Anyieheɣedzeƒe gome zãna dze ƒomevi aɖe si woyɔna be cyanide si wotsaka kple tsi tsɔ léa tɔmelãe. Aɖia dona le lãa me, eyata woate ŋu aɖui. Gake aɖia gagbugbɔ gena ɖe tsia me eye adzakpowo kuna.

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ÐE WÒLE BE NÀÐƆ AMEMO SI WOÐƆNA LE AMEKOƑEA?

Asiaweek magazine ka nya ta be ʋudzudzɔ enye nusi koŋ ƒoa ɖi ya le Asia dugãwo me. Zi geɖe la mɔ̃ siwo zãa diesel kple mɔ̃ suewoe ƒoa ɖi ya koŋ elabena wotua dzudzɔ gbogbowo ɖe yame. Esiawo hea lãmesẽkuxi geɖewo vanɛ. Magazine ma ke ka nya ta be: “Ðk. Chan Chang-chuan si nye Taiwan ɖiƒoƒo ŋuti kuxiwo ŋununyala bibitɔ kekeake gblɔ be diesel dzudzɔe hea kansa vɛ.” Ame aɖewo siwo le Asia dugãwo me ɖɔna amemo si woɖɔna le amekoƒe be woatsɔ akpɔ wo ɖokui tae. Ðe amemo siawo kpɔa wo ta vavã? Ðk. Chan gblɔ be: “Amemo siawo mewɔa naneke o. Ðinu siwo le yame le suesue ale gbegbe be amemo mawo mate ŋu atsyɔ wo o. Azɔ hã, . . . ya gena ɖe eme. Eyata womenana ametakpɔkpɔ gobi aɖeke o.”

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Atiwo dodo be woatsɔ akpɔ nutoa ta

[Picture Credit Lines on page 24]

AFP/Getty Images; etame, le miame: Published with the permission of The Trustees of the Imperial War Museum, London (IWM H 42208); etame, le ɖusime: Howard Hall/howardhall.com