Ndi Ama Ọfiọk?

M̀mọ̀n̄ ke ẹkeda ọsọn̄urua itiat oro ẹkesidọn̄de ke mbana ikpanaesịt akwa oku?

▪ Ke nditọ Israel ẹma ẹkewọrọ ke Egypt ẹdisịm wilderness, Abasi ama ọdọhọ mmọ ẹnam mbana ikpanesịt. (Exodus 28:15-21) Akana ẹdọn̄ mme ọsọn̄urua itiat nte ruby, topaz, emerald, turquoise, sapphire, jasper, leshem, agate, amethyst, chrysolite, onyx, ye jade ke mbana ikpanesịt akwa oku. * Ndi nditọ Israel ẹma ẹnyene mme utọ ọsọn̄urua itiat oro?

Ke eyo Bible, mme owo ẹma ẹnen̄ede ẹma mme ọsọn̄urua itiat ẹnyụn̄ ẹda enye ẹnyam urua. Ke uwụtn̄kpọ, nditọ Egypt eset ẹma ẹsika anyan ẹkesịm Iran, Afghanistan, ye idem India man ẹkenyene mme utọ ọsọn̄urua itiat emi. Nditọ Egypt ẹma ẹsidọk nsio nsio ọsọn̄urua itiat ke obio mmọ. Mme andikara Egypt ẹkese ẹban̄a mme ọsọn̄urua n̄kpọ emi ẹdọkde ke mme obio oro mmọ ẹkarade. Job ama etịn̄ aban̄a nte mbon eyo esie ẹkekamade utịbi-n̄kpọ ẹtịbi ukpe ẹyom n̄kpọuto, onyụn̄ asiak sapphire ye topaz esịn ke otu n̄kpọ oro ẹsidọkde ẹsion̄o ke isọn̄.—Job 28:1-11, 19.

N̄wed Exodus owụt ke Israel ẹma “ẹbụme” n̄kpọuto “nditọ Egypt” ke ini ẹkeyomde ndikpọn̄ isọn̄ Egypt. (Exodus 12:35, 36) Ntem ekeme ndidi nditọ Israel ẹkeda itiat oro ẹkedọn̄de ke mbana ikpanesịt oku ke isọn̄ Egypt.

Ntak emi ẹkesidade wine ẹsọbọ owo idem ke eyo Bible?

▪ Jesus ama ọnọ uwụtn̄kpọ eti owo Samaria emi akanyan̄ade owo emi mbon n̄wo ẹkemiade. Enye ọkọdọhọ ke owo Samaria emi ama ọtọhọ “aran ye wine ke unan” ete emi, onyụn̄ ọbọp mmọ. (Luke 10:30-34) Apostle Paul ama eteme Timothy ufan esie ete: “Kûn̄wọn̄ mmọn̄ aba, edi da esisịt wine ke ntak idịbi fo ye uyịre uyịre udọn̄ọ fo.” (1 Timothy 5:23) Ndi utọ usọbọ emi Jesus eketịn̄de aban̄a ke uwụtn̄kpọ esie ye enye emi Paul eketemede Timothy ama ọfọn?

N̄wed oro Ancient Wine ọdọhọ ke ẹkesida wine nte “ibọk usụk ubiak, ibọk uwot n̄kpri unam udọn̄ọ, ẹnyụn̄ ẹda enye ẹsọbọ nsio nsio orụk udọn̄ọ.” Mbon Egypt, Mesopotamia, ye Syria ẹma ẹsida wine ẹsọbọ owo idem. N̄wed oro The Oxford Companion to Wine ọdọhọ ke wine edi “mbịghi n̄kan ibọkusọbọ emi ubonowo ẹdiọn̄ọde.” N̄wed en̄wen emi ekerede The Origins and Ancient History of Wine owụt ke se Paul eketemede Timothy ete ada wine ọsọbọ idem ama ọfọn. N̄wed oro ọdọhọ ete: “Wine esisọp owot n̄kpri unam emi ẹsinamde owo ọdọn̄ọ typhoid m̀mê n̄kpọ en̄wen.” Ndụn̄ọde oro ntaifiọk ẹnamde mfịn owụt ke mmọn̄ibọk emi odude ke wine awak ebe 500.

[Ikọ Idakisọn̄]

[Ndise ke page 26]

Ndise ke udi Nakht ke Thebes Egypt, ọtọin̄wan̄ ke enyịmi grape osio wine

[Ebiet Ẹdade Ndise Ẹto]

Gianni Dagli Orti/The Art Archive at Art Resource, NY