Tshintu tshidi tshipite biuma bia mu Ejipitu

MOSE udi munkatshi mua bantu batambe bunene ku bantu bonso ba kale. Mikanda inayi ya mu Bible, kubangila ku Ekesode too ne ku Dutelonome, idi yakula anu bua malu avua Nzambi muenzele Isalele pavua Mose muikale ubalombola. Wakabalombola pakapatukabu mu Ejipitu, wakalua mutuangaji wa tshipungidi tshia Mikenji ne wakalombola Isalele too ne ku mikalu ya Buloba Bulaya. Mose uvua mukolele kua Palô, ne pashishe Nzambi wakamupesha bukenji bua kulombola tshisamba tshiende, kuluaye kabidi muprofete, mulumbuluishi ne mufundi wa malu akamusaka nyuma wa Nzambi bua kufunda. Nansha nanku, uvua “muntu wa bupuekele, mupite ne bantu bonso.”​—Nomba 12:3, Mukanda wa Mvidi Mukulu [Katolike, MMM].

Mavule a ku malu adi Bible ulonda bua Mose adi atangila bidimu 40 bia ndekelu bia muoyo wende, kubangila ku tshikondo tshia dipatuka dia Isalele mu bupika too ne ku lufu lua Mose pavuaye ne bidimu 120. Kubangila pavuaye ne bidimu 40 too ne 80, Mose uvua mulami wa mikoko mu Midiyana. Kadi mukanda mukuabu udi wamba ne: bidimu biende 40 bia kumpala, kubangila ku diledibua diende too ne ku dinyema mu Ejipitu “pamu’apa ke bidimu bia muoyo wende bidi bitamba kusankisha, pabi bua kuamba bulelela, ke bidimu bidi malu ende kaayi matambe kumanyika bimpe.” Mmalu kayi atudi mua kumanya pa bidi bitangila bidimu ebi? Mmunyi muvua malu avuaku mu tshikondo tshia dikola dia Mose mashintulule tshivuaye ne bua kulua pashishe? Mmalu kayi avuaye mupetangane nawu? Nntatu kayi yakapetaye? Ne ntshinyi tshidi bionso ebi bitulongesha?

Bupika mu Ejipitu

Mukanda wa Ekesode udi ulonda ne: Palô kampanda wakabanga kutshina bena Isalele bavua basombele mu Ejipitu bua mushindu ukavuabu benda bavulangana. Bu muvua Palô mumanye bimpe ne: uvua wenza “budimuke,” wakajinga bua kukepesha bungi buabu, ke yeye kubanga kubenzeja midimu mikole ya bupika ne tshikisu ivuabu balombola kudi batangidi ba mudimu. Bena Isalele bavua bambula majitu, basopa dima ne batuta tushola bungi buvuabu babafundile ku dituku dionso.​—Ekesode 1:8-14; 5:6-18.

Diumvuija edi dia malu avua menzeke mu Ejipitu muvuabu balelele Mose didi dipetangana bimpe menemene ne malu avua menzeke adibu balonda mu miyuki ya kale. Papirise ya kale kabidi ne bimfuanyi bizola pa imue nkita bidi bileja muvua bapika batuta tushola mu bidimu bia binunu bibidi K.B.B. anyi kumpala. Bamfumu bavuabu bateke bua kutangila mudimu wa dienza tushola bavua bakosolole  bapika nkama mivule mu tusumbu tukese tua bantu babangile ku 6 too ne ku 18 bavua ne muntu kampanda muikale ku mutu kuabu. Dima divuabu benza nadi tushola bavua badiumbula ne bavua balua ne bisonsa muaba uvuabu batutshila tushola. Bena mudimu ba bisamba bishilashilangane bavua basuna mâyi, ne bavua bangata nkasu basopa dima edi ne mâyi babisambakajangana ne bisonsa. Bavua batuta tushola mu milongo ne mishete ya mulungulungu. Pashishe bena mudimu aba bavua bambula pa dikaya muntu yonso bisaka bibidi biela eku ne eku kua mutshi, bikale ne madioto mumisha ne munya baya nawu too ne muaba uvuabu bibakila, imue misangu babanda mikuna. Batangidi ba midimu ba bena Ejipitu, bikale ne nkodi, bavua basomba anyi benda banyunguluka bitekete-bitekete bua kutangila muvuabu benza mudimu.

Muyuki mukuabu wa kale udi wamba bua madioto 39 118 avua bena mudimu 602 bakume, mmumue ne: muntu umue uvua ututa madioto matue ku 65 munkatshi mua mutantshi bule kampanda. Mukanda kampanda wa mu lukama lua bidimu lua 13 K.B.B. udi wamba ne: “Bantu aba badi benza . . . madioto bungi budibu babafundile ku dituku dionso.” Malu onso adibu balonda aa mmafuanangane bikole ne mudimu mukole uvuabu benzeja bena Isalele anu mudibu bumvuije mu mukanda wa Ekesode.

Dikengesha bena Ebelu edi kadiakakepesha bungi buabu to. Kadi “nansha [muvua bena Ejipitu] babakengesha nanku, bavua benda bavulangana bikole. Bena Ejipitu [kubangabu] kutshina bena Israele.” (Ekesode 1:10, 12, MMM) Nunku ke Palô kutuminaye bakaji baleleshi ba bena Ebelu pashishe ne bantu bende bonso dîyi bua kushipabu muana yonso wa balume muena Isalele uvuabu balela. Mu tshikondo tshia ntatu eyi mikole ke muvua Yokebede ne Amalama balele muana wa balume mulenga, diende Mose.​—Ekesode 1:15-22; 6:20; Bienzedi 7:20.

Bakamusokoka, kumuangulabu ne kumuangatabu

Baledi ba Mose bakabenga kutumikila dîyi divua Palô mutume bua kushipa bana batoke ne buobu kusokoka muanabu wa pambidi eu. Bavua bamusokoke nunku nansha muvua batentekedi ne bakebuludi ba mu nzubu benda banyunguluka bua kukeba bana anyi? Katuena mua kujadika muvuabi bienzeke to. Mu mishindu yonso, panyima pa ngondo isatu baledi ba Mose kabavua kabidi mua kumusokoka to. Nunku mamuende wakenza tshisaka tshia mabeji a papirise, kuenzaye bua mâyi kaabuedi munda, ne pashishe yeye kuladikamu muanende. Mu ngumvuilu kampanda, tudi mua kuamba ne: Yokebede wakatumikila tshivua dîyi divua Palô muele diamba, bua kuela muana wa balume yonso wa bena Ebelu mu musulu wa Nile, kadi kakakumbaja tshivua dîyi edi diumvuija to. Pinapu Mîyama, yayende wa Mose, uvua mushale muimane pabuipi apu bua kumona tshienzeka.​—Ekesode 1:22–2:4.

Katuena bamanye bikala Yokebede uvua mulongolole bua se: bamuangule Mose kudi muana wa Palô pavuaye ulua kuowa mâyi, kadi atshi ke tshiakenzeka. Muana wa bakaji wa mukalenge eu wakajingulula ne: eu uvua muana wa bena Ebelu. Uvua mua kuenza nende tshinyi? Uvua mua kutumikila dîyi dia tatuende ne kutuma dîyi bua kushipabu muana eu anyi? Tòo, wakumvua anu mutu bamamu  ba bungi bumvua pa tshibidilu. Wakamumvuila luse.

Mutantshi eu Mîyama kufikaye pabuipi nende. Yeye kumukonka ne: ‘Nye kukubikidila muamushi wa muana wa mu bakaji ba bena Ebelu, alue kukuamushila muana mabele anyi?’ Bamue bantu badi bamba ne mu mvese eu mudi lubombo lunene. Badi baleja yayende wa Mose wenza bualu bubengangane ne tshivua Palô mupangadije, uvua mulongolole yeye ne bafidi bende ba ngenyi bua kuenzela bena Ebelu “budimuke.” Bushuwa, biakajadikibua ne: Mose wakapanduka anu pakitaba muana mukaji wa mukalenge eu lungenyi lua yayende wa Mose. Muana wa Palô wakamuandamuna ne: “Ya biebe.” Ke Mîyama kuyaye kubikila diakamue mamuende. Bakumvuangana mushinga bua kuikalaye ufuta Yokebede bua kukoleshaye muanende mulela, bikale bamulame bimpe kua mukalenge.​—Ekesode 2:5-9.

Luse lua muana wa mukalenge luvua lubengangana bikole ne tshikisu tshia tatuende. Nsongakaji eu kavua mupange kumanya anyi bamushime bua muana eu. Muoyo wa luse ke wakamusaka bua kumuangata, ne ditaba diende dia lungenyi lua kukeba muamushi wa muana wa bena Ebelu didi dileja ne: kavua witaba meji mabi a tatuende to.

Mushindu wakakolaye ne malu akalongaye

Yokebede ‘wakangata muana, wakamuamusha mabele. Muana wakakola; mamuende wakalua nende kudi muana wa bakaji wa Palô, yeye wakalua bu muana wende mene.’ (Ekesode 2:9, 10) Bible kêna utela bungi bua bidimu bivua Mose muenze ne baledi bende ba bushuwa nansha. Bamue badi bela meji ne: wakashala nabu too ne pakalekelaye dibele, bidimu bibidi anyi bisatu, kadi bivua mua kuikala bipite apu. Ekesode udi wamba patupu ne: “wakakola” kua baledi bende, bidi mua kumvuija difika pa mvula bungi kampanda. Mu mishindu yonso, munkatshi mua tshikondo tshionso atshi Amalama ne Yokebede bakaleja muanabu eu malu a tshisamba tshiabu tshia bena Ebelu ne a Yehowa. Malu akalua kuenzeka pashishe akaleja ne: bavua bakokeshe bua kubueja ditabuja ne dinanga dia buakane mu mutshima wa Mose.

Pakamupingajabu kudi muana wa bakaji wa Palô, bakalongesha Mose “lungenyi luonso lua bena Ejipitu.” (Bienzedi 7:22) Mbuena kuamba ne: avua malu avua mua kuambuluisha Mose bua kukumbanaye bua kuenza mudimu wa mbulamatadi. Munkatshi mua malu mapite bungi avuabu balonga mu Ejipitu muvua: makumi, malonga a bipapu, a luibaku, ne midimu mikuabu ya bianza. Badi batshinka ne: bena dîku dia mukalenge bavua mua kuikala basue bua bamulongeshe malu a ntendelelu wa bena Ejipitu.

Mose uvua mua kuikala mulonge malu aa a pa buawu pamue ne bana bakuabu ba mu dîku bia mukalenge. Munkatshi mua bantu bakalonga malu aa masunguluke muvua “bana ba bamfumu ba ku ba bende bavuabu batume anyi bakuate mu Ejipitu bua ‘kubalongeshabu’ ne pashishe kubapingaja bua baye kukokesha bu bilolo” bivua bilamate Palô. (The Reign of Thutmose IV, mufunda kudi Betsy Bryan) Bilaminu bia bana bia mu nzubu wa mukalenge bidi bimueneka bibalongolole bua kuenzabu midimu mu lupangu lua mukalenge. * Mifundu ya mu tshikondo tshivua Ejipitu muikale Bukalenge ne tshivuayi muikale Bukalenge Bupiabupia idi ileja ne: bavule ba ku basadidi ba Palô ne banene ba ku mutu kua mbulamatadi bavua ne muanzu wa lumu wa “Muana wa mu Tshilaminu tshia bana” nansha pakavuabu bantu bakulumpe.

Nsombelu wa mu lubanza lua mfumu uvua mua kuikala wela Mose mu diteta. Uvua wa bubanji, wa bintu bia mushinga mukole ne bumfumu. Uvua kabidi nsombelu uvua mufuanyike kunyanga bikadilu bia muntu. Ntshinyi tshivua Mose mua kuenza? Uvua mua kulamata ku luseke kayi? Uvua bushuwa  mutendeledi wa Yehowa, muanabu ne bena Ebelu bavuabu bakengesha, anyi uvua musungule bionso bivuaye mua kupeta mu Ejipitu, ditunga dia bantu ba bende?

Dipangadika dinene

Pakakumbajaye bidimu 40, tshikondo tshivua Mose mua kuikala mulue muena Ejipitu wa tshia bushuwa, ‘wakaya kumona mudimu mukole wa bana babu.’ Malu akaluaye kuenza akaleja ne: kavua muye anu bua kubandila patupu, kadi uvua ne dijinga dikole dia kubambuluisha. Pakamonaye muena Ejipitu ututa muena Ebelu, wakashipa mukengeshanganyi muena Ejipitu au. Bualu abu buakaleja ne: muoyo wa Mose uvua kudi bana babu. Muntu uvuaye mushipe au uvua mua kuikala muena mudimu wa mbulamatadi, mumushipele ku mudimu. Bilondeshile bena Ejipitu, Mose uvua ne bua kuikala ne lulamatu kudi Palô mu mishindu yonso. Kadi, tshivua tshisake kabidi Mose tshivua dinanga dia buakane, ngikadilu wakalejaye kabidi pakatandanganaye ne muena Ebelu uvua ukuma muanabu kapayi bualu. Mose uvua musue kupikula bena Ebelu ku bupika bua tshikisu, kadi pakamanya Palô ne: katshivua kabidi mumulamate, wakakeba bua kumushipa, nunku Mose uvua ne bua kunyemena mu Midiyana.​—Ekesode 2:11-15; Bienzedi 7:23-29. *

Tshikondo tshivua Mose ukeba kupikula bantu ba Nzambi katshivua tshipetangane ne tshivua Yehowa mulongolole to. Nansha nanku, malu akenzaye akaleja ne: uvua ne ditabuja. Ebelu 11:24-26 udi wamba ne: ‘Bua ditabuja, Mose, pakakolaye, wakapidia kubikidibua muana wa muana mukaji wa Palô; musungula kukengeshibua pamue ne bantu ba Nzambi kumpala kua masanka a malu mabi a tshitupa tshîpi.’ Bua tshinyi? Bualu ‘wakabala bipendu bidi bua Kristo bu bubanji bunene bupite bibutshidibue bia mu Ejipitu, bualu bua wakatangila too ne ku dipingajila dia difutu.’ Muaku ‘Kristo’ udibu batele muaba eu (umvuija “muela manyi”) udi ukumbanyina Mose mu mushindu wa ne: wakapeta mudimu wa pa buawu ufumina buludiludi kudi Yehowa.

Anji kuelabi meji! Mose uvua mulonge tulasa tuvuabu mua kulonga anu kudi banene ba mu Ejipitu. Muanzu uvuaye nawu uvua umunzuluila njila wa kupeta mudimu wa lumu ne masanka mavule, kadi wakabenga bionso abi. Wakamona nsombelu wa mu lubanza lua Palô muena tshikisu kayi upetangana ne dinanga bua Yehowa ne bua buakane. Dimanya ne dielangana meji bua malu avua Nzambi mulaye bankambua bende Abalahama, Isaka ne Yakoba, biakasaka Mose bua kusungula dianyishibua kudi Nzambi. Ke bualu kayi Yehowa wapesha Mose mudimu wa pa buawu wa kukumbaja mapangadika ende.

Tuetu bonso tudi ne malu a disungula bua kumanya adi ne mushinga kupita makuabu. Pamu’apa wewe pebe udi kumpala kua dipangadika dikole dia kuangata, anu bu Mose. Udiku ne bua kulekela bimue bilele anyi amue malu adi amueneka bu mimpe, nansha wowu mikale bungi kayi anyi? Pikalatshi dipangadika didi kumpala kuebe, vuluka ne: Mose wakangata bulunda buende ne Yehowa ne mushinga wa bungi kupita biuma bia mu Ejipitu, ne kakanyingalala bua bualu abu to.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Kazubu mu dibeji 11]

Bipungidi bua kuamusha bana

Pa tshibidilu bamamu bavua bamusha bana babu. Kadi, mumanyi Brevard Childs udi wamba mu tshikandakanda kampanda ne: “Imue misangu mu mêku a bamfumu [pabuipi ne ku Orient] bavua bangata muamushi wa bana ku mudimu. Tshilele etshi tshivua kabidi tshitangalake miaba ivua mamu kayi mua kudiamushila muanende anyi mamuende wa muana kayi mumanyike. Muamushi wa muana uvua ne mudimu wa kukolesha muana kabidi ne kumunuisha mabele munkatshi mua tshikondo tshivuabu bufunde.” (Journal of Biblical Literature) Mabeji mavule a papirise adi ne mêyi a bipungidi bua kuamusha bana atu mashale kuoku too ne mpindieu ku Proche-orient. Mikanda eyi idi ileja tshilele tshivua tshitangalake kubangila mu tshikondo tshia bena Sumérie too ne mu tshikondo tshivua bena Gelika bakokesha mu Ejipitu. Malu adi mafuanangane mu mikanda eyi adi mikale mêyi a bantu bavua benza bipungidi ebi, bule bua tshikondo tshivuabu bumvuangane, mushindu wa kuenza mudimu au, malu masunguluke a mushindu wa kudisha muana, bibawu bia difuta bua dibenga kunemeka tshipungidi, mafutu ne mushindu uvuabu ne bua kubafutawu. Childs udi umvuija ne: pa tshibidilu, “diamusha muana divua dienzeka munkatshi mua bidimu bibidi anyi bisatu. Muamushi wa muana uvua umukoleshila ku nzubu kuende, kadi uvua mulombibue imue misangu bua kupingaja muana kudi muenaye bua kumumonaye.”

[Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 9]

Dituta madiotu ndishintuluke kakese mu Ejipitu katshia ku tshikondo tshia Mose, anu mudibu baleje mu tshimfuanyi tshia kale etshi

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Kuulu: Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.; kuinshi: Erich Lessing/​Art Resource, NY