Ibisobanuro by’amagambo yo muri Bibiliya
A
Abanefili.
Ni abantu b’abagome babayeho mbere y’Umwuzure. Bavukaga ku bamarayika bari bariyambitse imibiri y’abantu maze bakabyarana n’abakobwa b’abantu.—It 6:4.
Ahantu hirengeye.
Ni ahantu ho gusengera akenshi habaga ari hejuru ku musozi cyangwa ahantu hegutse abantu bakoze. Nubwo rimwe na rimwe ahantu hirengeye abantu bahakoreshaga basenga Imana, akenshi abapagani bahakoreshaga basenga ibigirwamana.—Kb 33:52; 1Bm 3:2; Yr 19:5.
Alamoti.
Ni ijambo ry’umuzika risobanura “abakobwa.” Birashoboka ko baryise batyo bitewe n’uko abakobwa bakunda kuririmba amajwi yo hejuru, yitwa sopurano. Uko bigaragara, iryo jambo ryakoreshwaga bashaka kwerekana ko igikoresho cy’umuzika bari bukoreshe cyangwa ko injyana bari bucurangemo, biba biri mu ijwi ryo hejuru.—1Ng 15:20; Zb 46:Amagambo abanza.
Amato y’i Tarushishi.
Mbere aya magambo yasobanuraga amato yakoraga ingendo zijya i Tarushishi ya kera (Esipanye y’ubu). Uko bigaragara, nyuma amato yari afite ubushobozi bwo gukora ingendo ndende na yo yaje kwitwa atyo. Solomo na Yehoshafati bakoreshaga amato nk’ayo mu bucuruzi.—1Bm 9:26; 10:22; 22:48.
E
Efodi.
Ni umwambaro abatambyi bambaraga ujya gusa n’itaburiya. Umutambyi mukuru yambaraga Efodi yihariye maze akayirenzaho igitambaro cyo kwambara mu gituza cyabaga kiriho amabuye y’agaciro 12. (Kv 28:4, 6)—Reba Umugereka wa B5.
G
Gehinomu.
Ni izina ryo mu Kigiriki ry’Ikibaya cya Hinomu, cyari giherereye mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bwa Yerusalemu ya kera (Yr 7:31). Aho hantu hagiye havugwa mu mvugo y’ubuhanuzi, yumvikanisha ahantu hari kujya harundwa imirambo (Yr 7:32; 19:6). Nta kintu na kimwe kigaragaza ko inyamaswa cyangwa abantu byari kujya bijugunywa muri Gehinomu kugira ngo bihatwikirwe ari bizima cyangwa ngo bihababarizwe. Ubwo rero aho ntihashobora kuba ahantu hatagaragara ubugingo bw’abantu bubabarizwa iteka ryose mu muriro nyamuriro. Ahubwo Yesu n’abigishwa be bakoresheje ijambo Gehinomu bashaka kuvuga igihano cy’iteka cy’‘urupfu rwa kabiri,’ ni ukuvuga kurimbuka iteka.—Ibh 20:14; Mt 5:22; 10:28.
Gititi.
Ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu muziki. Ibisobanuro byaryo ntibizwi neza. Icyakora, uko bigaragara ryavuye ku nshinga y’Igiheburayo gath. Bamwe bavuga ko yari injyana y’indirimbo bacurangaga bari kwenga divayi, kubera ko ijambo gath rifitanye isano n’urwengero rwa divayi.—Zb 81: Amagambo abanza.
Guhumba.
Guhumba ni ukujya gushaka imyaka abasaruzi basize mu murima, bakaba barayisize babishaka cyangwa batabishaka. Amategeko ya Mose yasabaga abantu kudasarura imyaka yeze ku nkengero z’imirima yabo ngo bayimare, cyangwa ngo basarure imbuto zose zo ku giti cy’umwelayo n’icy’umuzabibu. Imana yari yarahaye abakene, abababaye, abanyamahanga, imfubyi n’abapfakazi uburenganzira bwo guhumba ibyasigaraga mu mirima gusarura birangiye.—Rs 2:7.
Gukebwa.
Ni ugukata agahu kaba ku gitsina cy’umugabo. Iryo tegeko ryari ryarahawe Aburahamu n’abamukomokagaho ariko Abakristo ntibasabwa kurikurikiza. Nanone iryo jambo rijya rikoreshwa ahantu hatandukanye muri Bibiliya ari imvugo y’ikigereranyo.—It 17:10; 1Kr 7:19; Fp 3:3.
Gusuka (amavuta ku).
Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo rikoreshwa mbere na mbere risobanura “gusuka ikintu gisukika (ku).” Basukaga amavuta ku muntu cyangwa ikintu kugira ngo bagaragaze ko bizakoreshwa umurimo wihariye. Mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo nanone iryo jambo rishobora kwerekeza ku gikorwa cyo gusuka umwuka wera ku batoranyirijwe kuzajya kuba mu ijuru.—Kv 28:41; 1Sm 16:13; 2Kr 1:21.
H
Herode.
Ni izina ry’umuryango w’abategetsi babaga barashyizweho n’Abaroma ngo bayobore Abayahudi. Herode Mukuru ni we wongeye kubaka urusengero rwa Yerusalemu. Nanone ni we washatse kwica Yesu, bigatuma ategeka ko abana benshi bicwa (Mt 2:16; Lk 1:5). Herode Arikelayo na Herode Antipa, bakaba bari abahungu ba Herode Mukuru, ni bo bashyizweho ngo bategeke uduce tumwe na tumwe papa wabo yategekaga (Mt 2:22). Nubwo Antipa yategekaga intara imwe, abaturage bamwitaga “umwami.” Mu myaka itatu n’igice Yesu yamaze akora umurimo hano ku isi, Antipa ni we wategekaga kandi yagejeje igihe ibivugwa mu Byakozwe igice cya 12 byabereye (Mr 6:14-17; Lk 3:1, 19, 20; 13:31, 32; 23:6-15; Ibk 4:27; 13:1). Nyuma yaho, igihe Herode Agiripa wa mbere wari umwuzukuru wa Herode Mukuru, yari amaze igihe gito ategeka, umumarayika w’Imana yaramwishe (Ibk 12:1-6, 18-23). Umuhungu we, Herode Agiripa wa kabiri, ni we wamusimbuye ku butegetsi ageza igihe Abayahudi bigomekaga ku Baroma.—Ibk 23:35; 25:13, 22-27; 26:1, 2, 19-32.
Higayoni.
Ni ijambo ryakoreshwaga hatangwa amabwiriza ajyanye n’umuziki. Iryo jambo ryakoreshejwe muri Zaburi ya 9:16. Rishobora kuba risobanura injyana yo kuruhuka icuranzwe n’inanga iregeye mu ijwi ryo hasi, cyangwa bikaba byerekeza ku mwanya wo kuruhuka no gutekereza.
Hisopu.
Ni ikimera gifite amababi n’amashami byoroshye. Abantu bagikoreshaga baminjagira amazi cyangwa amaraso, iyo babaga bari mu mihango yo kweza abantu cyangwa ibintu. Birashoboka ko icyo kimera ari cyo kitwa Oregano. Nkʼuko bigaragara muri Yohana 19:29, birashoboka udushami twa Oregano ari two twari tuziritse ku ruti rw’ubwoko bw’ishaka ryari rimenyerewe, kubera ko icyo kimera ari cyo cyagiraga uruti rurerure bashoboraga gushyiraho eponje bari binitse muri divayi isharira ngo bayihe Yesu.—Kv 12:22; Zb 51:7.
I
Ibibembe; Umubembe.
Ni indwara mbi cyane y’uruhu. Ibibembe bivugwa muri Bibiliya ntibimeze neza nk’ibyo muri iki gihe. Ibivugwa muri Bibiliya byo ntibyafataga abantu gusa, ahubwo byafataga n’amazu ndetse n’imyenda. Umuntu urwaye ibibembe aba yitwa umubembe.—Lw 14:54; Lk 5:12.
Idarakama.
Mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo, iri jambo riba rishaka kuvuga igiceri cy’ifeza cy’Abagiriki, icyo gihe cyapimaga garama 3,4. Mu Byanditswe by’Igiheburayo, havugwamo idarakama ya zahabu yo mu gihe cy’Abaperesi yanganaga n’idariki. (Neh 7:70; Mt 17:24)—Reba Umugereka wa B14.
Igicaniro.
Ni ikintu bubakaga mu itaka, mu mabuye, mu ibuye rimwe rinini cyangwa gikozwe mu biti bisizeho ubutare, maze bagatambiraho ibitambo cyangwa bagatwikiraho umubavu mu gihe basenga. Mu cyumba cya mbere cy’ihema ryo guhuriramo n’Imana, hari hari ‘igicaniro gito cya zahabu’ batwikiragaho imibavu. Cyari kibajwe mu mbaho z’igiti kandi gisize zahabu. ‘Igicaniro kinini cy’umuringa’ cyatambirwagaho ibitambo bitwikwa n’umuriro cyabaga kiri hanze mu mbuga. (Kv 27:1; 39:38, 39; It 8:20; 1Bm 6:20; 2Ng 4:1; Lk 1:11)—Reba Umugereka wa B5 n’uwa B8.
Igihamya.
Ijambo “Igihamya” muri rusange ryerekeza ku Mategeko Icumi yari yanditse ku bisate bibiri by’amabuye byahawe Mose.—Kv 31:18.
Igiti cy’umubabaro.
Ijambo ryahinduwe “igiti cy’umubabaro” ni stau·rosʼ. Bisobanura inkingi cyangwa igiti gihagaze kimeze nk’icyo Yesu yiciweho. Nta kigaragaza ko iryo jambo ry’Ikigiriki ryerekezaga ku musaraba, urugero nk’uwakoreshwaga mu binyejana byinshi mbere ya Kristo, ukaba wari ikimenyetso cy’idini ry’abapagani. Iyo mvugo “Igiti cy’umubabaro” yumvikanisha neza ibisobanuro by’ijambo stau·rosʼ, cyane ko iryo jambo nanone rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku bintu bibabaje abigishwa ba Yesu bari guhura na byo, harimo kubabazwa urubozo, imibabaro no gukozwa isoni. (Mt 16:24; Heb 12:2)—Reba ijambo IGITI.
Igiti.
Ni igiti gihagaze bamanikagaho umuntu ugiye kwicwa. Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, icyo giti bakiciragaho umuntu ku mugaragaro kugira ngo bamukoze isoni cyangwa bibere abandi isomo. Abashuri bari bazwi ku ntambara zirimo ubugome ndengakamere, bafataga imfungwa maze bakazishinga kuri ibyo biti bisongoye, ku buryo byazihinguranyaga, bikanyura mu nda bikazamukira mu gatuza. Icyakora mu mategeko y’Abayahudi, ababaga bahamijwe ibyaha bikomeye cyane, urugero nko gutuka Imana cyangwa gusenga ibigirwamana, bo babanzaga kwicwa batewe amabuye cyangwa bakabica mu bundi buryo maze imirambo yabo bakayimanika ku biti kugira ngo bibere abandi isomo (Gut 21:22, 23; 2Sm 21:6, 9). Abaroma bo bazirikaga ku biti ababaga bakoze ibyaha, maze bakahamara iminsi myinshi, ku buryo bicwaga n’ububabare bwinshi, inyota, inzara cyangwa izuba. Ubundi buryo bwakoreshwaga, ni nk’ubwakoreshejwe kuri Yesu. Bamuteye imisumari mu biganza no mu birenge, igihe bamumanikaga ku giti. (Lk 24:20; Yh 19:14-16; 20:25; Ibk 2:23, 36)—Reba IGITI CY’UMUBABARO.
Ihembe.
Iri jambo ryerekeza ku ihembe ry’inyamaswa, bashyiragamo ibyokunywa, amavuta, wino cyangwa ibintu byo kwisiga kandi rigakoreshwa nk’igikoresho cy’umuziki cyangwa bakarivuza bashaka gutanga ubutumwa (1Sm 16:1, 13; 1Bm 1:39; Ezk 9:2). Ijambo “ihembe” rikoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo rishaka kumvikanisha imbaraga, kwigarurira ahantu runaka cyangwa gutsinda.—Gut 33:17; Mk 4:13; Zk 1:19.
Iki gihe.
Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ryahinduwemo iki gihe ni ai·onʼ. Ryerekeza ku gihe turimo cyangwa ku bintu byihariye bibaho mu gihe runaka cyangwa mu mwaka runaka. Iyo Bibiliya ikoresheje iyo mvugo, iba yerekeza bintu byihariye biranga iyi si cyangwa ku myifatire y’abantu badakorera Imana (2Tm 4:10). Igihe Imana yashyiragaho isezerano ry’amategeko, yari itangije igihe kihariye mu mateka, ari cyo bamwe bita igihe cy’Abisirayeli cyangwa igihe cy’Abayahudi. Yesu Kristo yakoreshejwe n’Imana binyuze ku gitambo yatanze, maze atangiza ikindi gihe kihariye. Kimwe mu bintu byihariye byabaye muri icyo gihe, ni ugushyiraho itorero ry’Abakristo basutsweho umwuka. Iyo yari intangiriro y’igihe gishya. Ibyabaye muri icyo gihe byari byaragaragajwe mbere y’igihe binyuze ku isezerano ry’amategeko. Nanone iyo iyo mvugo ikoreshejwe iri mu bwinshi, iba yerekeza ku bihe bitandukanye, cyangwa ibintu byihariye byabayeho mu mateka cyangwa ibizabaho.—Mt 24:3; Mr 4:19; Rm 12:2; 1Kr 10:11.
Ikibaya.
Ikibaya kivugwa aha cyangwa ahantu umugezi unyura, ubusanzwe ni ahantu haba humutse ariko hakaza amazi mu gihe cy’imvura. Iri jambo rishobora no gusobanura umugezi ubwawo. Imigezi imwe n’imwe yuzuzwaga n’amasoko y’amazi kandi ayo mazi akahamara igihe kirekire. Mu mirongo imwe n’imwe, hakoreshwa ijambo “umugezi.”—It 26:19; Kb 34:5; Gut 8:7; 1Bm 18:5; Yb 6:15.
Ikiboko.
Ikiboko kivugwa mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo, cyabaga ari inkoni iriho imikoba irimo amapfundo kandi ku musozo wayo hariho utuntu tumeze nk’utwuma dusongoye.—Kb 16:49; Yh 19:1.
Imana y’ukuri.
Ayo magambo yahinduwe avuye ku ijambo ry’Igiheburayo risobanura “Imana.” Inshuro nyinshi hari aho bakoresha ayo magambo kugira ngo bagaragaze ko Yehova ari we Mana y’ukuri kandi ko atandukanye n’ibigirwamana. Dukoresha ayo magambo ngo: “Imana y’ukuri” dushaka kugaragaza neza ibisobanuro byuzuye by’ijambo ry’Igiheburayo bitewe n’aho riri.—It 5:22, 24; 46:3; Gut 4:39.
Imbago.
Ni ibintu bafungiragamo umuntu kugira ngo bamuhane. Bimwe muri byo, babifungiragamo ibirenge gusa, naho ibindi bagafungiramo umubiri wose, ku buryo umuntu yabaga ahetamye, wenda bitewe n’uko bafungiyemo ibirenge, ibiganza n’ijosi.—Yr 20:2; Ibk 16:24.
Impanda.
Ni igikoresho cyabaga gikozwe mu cyuma bahuhagamo kigatanga ijwi. Bagikoreshaga bashaka kugira ibyo bamenyesha abantu cyangwa bakagikoresha mu gihe baririmba. Nk’uko bigaragara mu Kubara 10:2, Yehova yatanze amabwiriza y’uko bari gucura impanda ebyiri mu ifeza kugira ngo bajye bazikoresha bahamagara Abisirayeli ngo bakoranire hamwe, bamenyesha Abisirayeli ko bagiye kwimuka cyangwa ko habaye intambara. Uko bigaragara izo mpanda bacuze zari zigororotse. Ntizari zimeze nk’izikozwe mu “mahembe” kuko zo zabaga zihese. Nanone hari n’izindi mpanda zakorwaga hadakurikijwe amabwiriza yihariye, zabaga ziri mu bikoresho by’umuzika byo mu rusengero. Akenshi Bibiliya ikoresha ijwi ry’impanda mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo mu gihe hari gutangazwa urubanza Yehova yaciye, cyangwa mu gihe hari ibindi bikorwa byihariye biri kuba biturutse ku Mana.—2Ng 29:26; Ezr 3:10; 1Kr 15:52; Ibh 8:7–11:15.
Imva.
Iyo iryo jambo ritangijwe inyuguti nto, riba risobanura ahantu hashyinguwe umuntu. Naho iyo ritangijwe inyuguti nkuru, riba ryerekeza ku mva rusange y’abantu, ari na ryo rihura n’Igiheburayo “Shewoli” n’Ikigiriki “Hadesi.” Muri Bibiliya, ni ahantu h’ikigereranyo hataba igikorwa na kimwe, aho abantu baba badafite ubwimenye.—It 47:30; Umb 9:10; Ibk 2:31.
Indaya.
Ni umuntu ugirana imibonano mpuzabitsina n’undi muntu utari uwo bashakanye, akenshi akabikora ashaka amafaranga. (Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ryahinduwemo “indaya,” ni porune, rikaba riva ku nshinga “kugurisha.”) Iryo jambo rikunda gukoreshwa ryerekeza ku bagore. Icyakora Bibiliya ivuga ko hariho n’indaya z’abagabo. Amategeko ya Mose ntiyemeraga ko umuntu aba indaya kandi amafaranga yagurwaga indaya ntiyazanwaga mu rusengero rwa Yehova ngo abe ituro. Ibyo bitandukanye cyane n’ibyo abapagani bakoraga kuko mu nsengero zabo, indaya zo mu rusengero ari zo zatumaga babona inyungu (Gut 23:17, 18; 1Bm 14:24). Nanone Bibiliya ikoresha iryo jambo mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo yerekeza ku bantu, ku bihugu cyangwa imiryango ikora ibikorwa byo gusenga ibigirwamana, nyamara ikavuga ko isenga Imana. Urugero: Mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe havuga ko amadini yose y’ikinyoma agereranywa n’indaya kandi yitwa “Babuloni ikomeye.” Yitwa indaya kubera ko yikundisha ku bategetsi kugira ngo agire imbaraga n’ubutunzi.—Ibh 17:1-5; 18:3; 1Ng 5:25.
Indirimbo baririmbaga bazamuka.
Ayo ni amagambo abanza yo muri zaburi ya 120 kugeza ku ya 134. Nubwo ibisobanuro by’ayo magambo abantu batabihurizaho, abenshi bavuga ko izo Zaburi uko ari 15, zaririmbwaga n’Abisirayeli, ubwo babaga “bazamuka” bishimye bagiye i Yerusalemu yari iherereye ahantu hejuru mu misozi y’Ubuyuda kugira ngo bizihize iminsi mikuru itatu yabaga buri mwaka.
Inkingi y’ibuye (yo gusenga).
Inkingi yabaga ishinze, akenshi yabaga ari ibuye rifite ishusho y’igitsina cy’umugabo, uko bigaragara ikaba yari ikimenyetso cya Bayali cyangwa ibindi bigirwamana.—Kv 23:24.
Inkingi y’igiti (yo gusenga).
Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo (ʼashe·rahʹ) ryerekeza (1) ku nkingi y’igiti basengaga yari ikimenyetso cya Ashera, imanakazi y’Abanyakanani yatumaga abantu babona urubyaro, cyangwa (2) igishushanyo cy’iyo manakazi Ashera. Uko bigaragara izo nkingi zabaga zishinze kandi zifite nibura igice gikozwe mu biti. Zishobora kuba zari ibiti bitabajwe cyangwa zikaba zari n’ibiti biteye ahantu.—Gut 16:21; Abc 6:26; 1Bm 15:13.
Inkone.
Ubusanzwe iryo jambo ryerekeza ku bagabo bafite imyanya ndangagitsina yangiritse. Abagabo bameze batyo akenshi bakoraga ibwami, bakaba bari abagaragu cyangwa bakaba bari bashinzwe kwita ku mwamikazi cyangwa abandi bagore b’umwami. Nanone iryo jambo ryerekeza ku muntu wabaga ashinzwe ibyo mu rugo rw’umwami. Rinakoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo ryerekeza ku ‘bantu bigomwe gushaka bitewe n’Ubwami bwo mu ijuru.’ Baba baritoje umuco wo kwifata, bakitanga kugira ngo bakore byinshi mu murimo w’Imana.—Mt 19:12; Est 2:15; Ibk 8:27.
Inzige.
Ni ubwoko bw’ibihore bikunda kwimuka biri mu matsinda manini. Inzige zararibwaga kuko zitari zanduye ukurikije Amategeko ya Mose. Iyo zigenda mu matsinda manini, zirya ibimera byose, zikangiza ibintu byinshi, ku buryo abantu babona zabaye nk’icyorezo.—Kv 10:14; Mt 3:4.
Isinagogi.
Iryo jambo risobanura igikorwa cyo “guhuriza hamwe” cyangwa “gukoranyiriza abantu hamwe.” Icyakora, mu mirongo yo muri Bibiliya myinshi, iryo jambo riba ryerekeza ku nzu cyangwa ahantu Abayahudi bahuriraga kugira ngo basome Ibyanditswe, bahabwe amabwiriza, babwirize kandi basenge. Mu gihe cya Yesu, buri mujyi wo muri Isirayeli wabaga ufite isinagogi kandi imijyi minini yashoboraga no kugira amasinagogi menshi.—Lk 4:16; Ibk 13:14, 15.
Ituro rizunguzwa.
Ni ituro ryatangwaga umutambyi yashyize ibiganza bye munsi y’ibiganza by’urifite waje kuritanga, hanyuma uwo muntu akarizunguza arijyana hirya no hino cyangwa umutambyi ubwe akaba ari we urizunguza. Icyo gikorwa cyagaragazaga ko iryo turo rihawe Yehova.—Lw 7:30.
K
Kuvuma.
Gutuka umuntu cyangwa kwifuriza ibibi umuntu cyangwa ikintu. Inshuro nyinshi umuvumo ni amagambo avuga ibintu bibi cyangwa ibyago bishobora kuzagera ku muntu. Iyo uwo muvumo uturutse ku Mana cyangwa umuntu ubifitiye uburenganzira, bifatwa nk’ubuhanuzi kandi biraba byanze bikunze.—It 12:3; Kb 22:12; Gl 3:10.
Kwera.
Uwo muco ni uwa Yehova. Ugaragaza ko Yehova afite imyifatire myiza cyane mu bijyanye n’umuco kandi ko atagira ikizinga (Kv 28:36; 1Sm 2:2; Img 9:10; Ye 6:3). Iyo ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryahinduwemo kwera rikoreshejwe ryerekeza ku bantu (Kv 19:6; 2Bm 4:9), ku nyamaswa (Kb 18:17), ku bintu (Kv 28:38; 30:25; Lw 27:14), ku hantu (Kv 3:5; Ye 27:13), ku bihe (Kv 16:23; Lw 25:12) no ku bikorwa (Kv 36:4), riba risobanura ikintu cyatandukanyijwe n’ibindi cyangwa cyeguriwe Imana. Kiba cyaratoranyijwe kugira ngo kizakoreshwe mu murimo wa Yehova. Mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo, iryo jambo riba risobanura ikintu cyatandukanyijwe n’ibindi kikaba icy’Imana. Nanone iryo jambo rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku myifatire myiza cyane y’umuntu.—Mr 6:20; 2Kr 7:1; 1Pt 1:15, 16.
Kweza.
Iyo bezaga ikintu baragitoranyaga, bakagitandukanya n’ibindi kugira ngo kibe icya Yehova. Ibyo byatumaga kiba icyera cyangwa kikaba kitanduye. Ibyo nanone byashobora gukorwa ku muntu ugiye gukorera Yehova umurimo wihariye, cyangwa se bakabikora ku kintu kizakoreshwa gusa mu murimo wa Yehova. Iyo Yehova avuze ko azeza izina rye, aba ashaka kugaragaza ko azatuma ibiremwa byose bibona ko ari uwera (Ezk 38:23; Mt 6:9; Yh 17:17, 1Kr 1:2).
Kwigomwa kurya no kunywa.
Ni ukwirinda kugira ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose umuntu arya mu gihe runaka. Abisirayeli bigomwaga kurya no kunywa ku Munsi wo Kwiyunga n’Imana, bari mu byago n’igihe babaga bakeneye ko Imana ibabwira icyo bakora. Abayahudi bigomwaga kurya no kunywa inshuro enye mu mwaka bibuka ibintu bibabaje byabaye mu mateka yabo. Abakristo ntibategetswe kwigomwa kurya ngo kunywa.—Ezr 8:21; Ye 58:6; Lk 18:12.
L
Lewi; Umulewi.
Ni umuhungu wa gatatu Yakobo yabyaranye na Leya; nanone ni izina ry’umuryango w’abamukomotseho. Abahungu be batatu ni bo bashinze ibyiciro bitatu by’ingenzi Abalewi babarizwagamo. Hari igihe ijambo “Abalewi” rikoreshwa rishaka kuvuga abakomoka kuri Lewi, utabariyemo umuryango w’abatambyi bakomoka kuri Aroni. Umuryango wa Lewi ntiwigeze uhabwa umurage mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano, ahubwo wahawe imijyi 48 mu duce twari twarahawe indi miryango.—Gut 10:8; 1Ng 6:1; Hb 7:11.
Lewiyatani.
Ni inyamaswa ikunda kuba mu mazi. Muri Yobu 3:8 no muri Yobu 41:1, uko bigaragara iryo jambo ryakoreshejwe berekeza ku ngona cyangwa ku kindi gisimba kinini kandi gifite imbaraga nyinshi, kiba mu mazi. Muri Zaburi ya 104:26, ho baba berekeza ku bwoko bw’igifi kinini cyane kitwa balene. Ahandi iryo jambo rikoreshwa, ni mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo, ku buryo nta yindi nyamaswa wabisanisha.—Zb 74:14; Yes 27:1.
M
Mahalati.
Uko bigaragara, iri ni ijambo ryakoreshwaga mu muziki. Riboneka mu magambo abanza ya Zaburi ya 53 n’iya 88. Rishobora kuba rifitanye isano n’ijambo ry’Igiheburayo risobanura “gucika intege,” cyangwa “kurwara.” Ibi byerekeza ku ijwi ry’agahinda, bikaba binajyanye n’amagambo arimo akababaro ari muri izo ndirimbo uko ari ebyiri.
Masikili.
Ni ijambo ry’Igiheburayo rifite ibisobanuro bitazwi neza. Riboneka mu magambo abanza ya zaburi cumi n’eshatu. Iryo jambo rishobora kuba risobanura “umuvugo w’umuntu utekereza cyane.” Hari n’abatekereza ko hari irindi jambo rijya kumera nk’iryo risobanura ‘gukorana ubushishozi’.—2Ng 30:22; Zb 32:Amagambo abanza.
Mikitamu.
Ni ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryakoreshejwe mu magambo abanza ya zaburi esheshatu (Zb 16; 56–60). Ni ijambo ry’umuziki rifite ibisobanuro bitazwi neza. Icyakora, rishobora kuba rifitanye isano n’ijambo “kwandika.”
Mutilabeni.
Ni ijambo ryakoreshejwe mu magambo abanza ya Zaburi ya 9. Mu gihe cya kera, ayo magambo yasobanuraga “ibyerekeye urupfu rw’umwana.” Bamwe bavuga ko ari amagambo abanza y’iyo zaburi cyangwa rikaba izina ry’injyana yari imenyerewe cyane yakoreshwaga bari kuririmba iyo zaburi.
N
Nehiloti.
Ibisobanuro by’iri jambo ntibizwi neza. Ryakoreshejwe mu magambo abanza ya Zaburi ya 5. Bamwe bavuga ko iryo jambo ryerekeza ku gikoresho cy’umuzika bahuhamo kigatanga ijwi, bikaba binahuye n’ijambo ry’Igiheburayo cha·lilʼ risobanura umwirongi. Icyakora nanone, ijambo Nehiloti rishobora no kuba ryerekeza ku njyana y’indirimbo.
P
Poruneyiya.—
Reba ku ijambo UBUSAMBANYI.
S
Sela.
Ni ijambo ryakoreshwaga mu muziki cyangwa mu mivugo, biboneka muri za Zaburi no muri Habakuki. Iryo jambo rishobora kuba risobanura kuruhuka mu gihe umuntu ari kuririmba, gucuranga cyangwa byombi. Uwo mwanya wabaga ari uwo kuruhuka kugira ngo umuntu atekereze cyangwa yiyumvishe ibiri kuvugwa. Mu Bibiliya ya Septante hakoreshejwe ijambo ry’Ikigiriki di·aʼpsal·ma, rikaba risobanura “akaruhuko ko mu muziki.”—Zb 3:4; Hk 3:3.
Sheminiti.
Ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu muziki. Rifashwe uko ryakabaye risobanura “ikintu cya munani.” Bishobora kuba byerekeza ku ijwi ry’umuziki ryo hasi. Mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho by’umuziki, iryo jambo rishobora kuba ryerekeza ku bikoresho bitanga amajwi y’umuziki uri mu ijwi ryo hasi. Mu bijyanye n’indirimbo, iryo jambo rishobora kuba ryerekeza ku muziki ucurangwa kandi ukaririmbwa mu majwi yo hasi.—1Ng 15:21; Zb 6:Amagambo abanza; 12:Amagambo abanza.
Shewoli.
Ni ijambo ry’Igiheburayo rifitanye isano n’iry’Ikigiriki, ari ryo “Hadesi.” Rihindurwamo “Imva” (ryandikishijwe inyuguti nkuru), bashaka kumvikanisha imva rusange y’abantu aho kuba ahantu umuntu wapfuye yashyinguwe.—It 37:35; Zb 16:10; Ibk 2:31 (reba IMVA).
T
Terafimu.
Ni ibigirwamana imiryango yatungaga, hakaba hari igihe babikoreshaga bashaka kumenya ibizaba (Ezk 21:21). Bimwe muri byo byabaga bifite ishusho y’umuntu kandi ari binini, na ho ibindi ari bito (It 31:34; 1Sm 19:13, 16). Ibyataburuwe mu matongo muri Mezopotamiya bigaragaza ko gutunga amashusho ya terafimu byaheshaga umuntu uburenganzira bwo guhabwa umurage w’umuryango. (Birashoboka ko ari yo mpamvu Rasheli yatwaye terafimu za papa we.) Ibyo ntibyakorwaga muri Isirayeli. Icyakora mu bihe by’abacamanza n’abami, hari Abisirayeli bari batunze terafimu bakoreshaga basenga ibigirwamana kuko ziri mu byo Umwami Yosiya wari indahemuka yarimbuye.—Abc 17:5; 2Bm 23:24; Hs 3:4.
U
Ubufindo.
Twabaga ari utubuye cyangwa uduce tw’uduti bakoreshaga kugira ngo bamenye umwanzuro bakwiriye gufata. Badushyiraga mu mwenda cyangwa mu kindi gikoresho maze bakatuzunguza. Akagwaga hasi cyangwa ako bafatagamo ni ko kagaragazaga umwanzuro ugomba gufatwa. Inshuro nyinshi babikoraga babanje gusenga. Aho iryo jambo “ubufindo” rikoreshwa, ryaba rifashwe uko riri cyangwa ari mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo, riba ryerekeza ku “mugabane” umuntu agomba guhabwa.—Ys 14:2; Zb 16:5; Img 16:33; Mt 27:35.
Ubugingo.
Ijambo ryahinduwemo ubugingo mu Giheburayo ni neʹphesh naho mu Kigiriki ni psy·kheʹ. Iyo urebye uko ayo magambo akoreshwa muri Bibiliya ubona ko muri rusange aba yerekeza (1) ku bantu, (2) Ku nyamaswa, cyangwa (3) ku buzima bw’umuntu cyangwa ubw’inyamaswa. (It 1:20; 2:7; Kb 31:28; 1Pt 3:20) Mu buryo butandukanye n’uko inyandiko zivuga iby’iyobokamana nyinshi zikoresha ijambo “ubugingo,” Bibiliya igaragaza ko iyo amagambo neʹphesh cyangwa psy·kheʹ akoreshejwe ku biremwa byo ku isi, aba yerekeza ku bintu bifatika, umuntu abona kandi bishobora gupfa. Muri iyi Bibiliya ayo magambo yagiye akoreshwa hakurijwe icyo yerekezaho n’aho yakoreshejwe. Urugero, hari ahakoreshejwe “ubuzima,” “ikiremwa,” “umuntu,” “umuntu wese uko yakabaye,” cyangwa wenda hagakoreshwa ngenga (urugero, ahagombaga kuba “ubugingo bwanjye” hagakoreshwa “njyewe”). Hari igihe ibisobanuro byatangaga ubundi buryo iryo jambo “ubugingo” ryahindurwamo. Iyo ijambo “ubugingo” rikoreshejwe mu mwandiko cyangwa mu bisobanuro, riba rihuje n’ibyo bisobanuro bimaze kuvugwa. Iyo ryerekeza ku muntu ukora ikintu n’ubugingo bwe bwose biba bisobanura ko icyo kintu ari bugikore atizigamye kandi akagishyiraho umutima we wose (Gut 6:5; Mt 22:37). Ayo magambo “neʹphesh na psy·kheʹ,” hari aho akoreshwa yerekeza ku byifuzo by’ibiremwa bifite ubuzima. Ashobora no kwerekeza ku muntu wapfuye cyangwa umurambo.—Kb 6:6; Img 23:2; Ye 56:11; Hag 2:13.
Ubuhakanyi.
Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ryahinduwemo ubuhakanyi ni “a·po·sta·siʼa.” Riva ku nshinga y’Ikigiriki isobanura “kwitandukanya.” Iryo jambo nanone risobanura “kureka cyangwa kwigomeka.” Mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo, ijambo “ubuhakanyi” rikoreshwa mbere na mbere ryerekeza ku bantu bitandukanyije n’ugusenga k’ukuri.—Img 11:9; Ibk 21:21; 2Ts 2:3.
Ubusambanyi.
Ijambo “ubusambanyi” rituruka ku ijambo ry’Ikigiriki poruneyiya, rikaba ryerekeza ku mibonano mpuzabitsina yose amategeko y’Imana atemera. Ubusambanyi bukubiyemo kugirana imibonano mpuzabitsina n’undi muntu utari uwo mwashakanye, imibonano mpuzabitsina ikozwe n’abantu batashyingiranywe, ubutinganyi cyangwa kugirana imibonano mpuzabitsina n’inyamaswa. Mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe, iryo jambo rikoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo ryerekeza ku ndaya, ari na yo yitwa “Babuloni ikomeye.” Biba byerekeza ku bikorwa amadini akora, yikundisha ku bategetsi b’iyi si kugira ngo agire imbaraga n’ubutunzi. (Ibh 14:8; 17:2; 18:3; Mt 5:32; Ibk 15:29; Gl 5:19)—Reba ku ijambo INDAYA.
Ukuhaba.
Iri jambo rikoreshwa ahantu hamwe na hamwe mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo, ryerekeza ku gihe Yesu azaba ahari ari Umwami. Icyo gihe cyatangiye ubwo yabaga Umwami utegeka mu buryo butagaragarira amaso, ari na cyo gihe cy’iminsi y’imperuka. Ukuhaba kwa Kristo si ukuza maze agahita agenda, ahubwo byerekeza ku gihe kirekire.—Mt 24:3.
Umubavu.
Ni ibintu bihumura bikomoka ku biti, batwika bikagenda byaka gahoro gahoro kandi bigatanga impumuro nziza. Umubavu wakoreshwaga mu rusengero no mu ihema ryo guhuriramo n’Imana, wabaga wihariye kandi wakorwaga mu bintu bine. Watwikwaga buri gitondo na buri mugoroba, ugatwikirwa ku gicaniro batwikiragaho umubavu cyabaga kiri Ahera. Nanone watwikwaga ku Munsi wo Kwiyunga n’Imana, ugatwikirwa Ahera Cyane. Wagereranyaga amasengesho yemewe y’abagaragu b’Imana b’indahemuka. Gutwika imibavu si itegeko ku Bakristo.—Kv 30:34, 35; Lw 16:13; Ibh 5:8.
Umucunguzi.
Ni mwene wabo w’umuntu, wabaga afite uburenganzira bwo kugaruza icyari cyaragurishijwe. Mu gihe cy’Amategeko ya Mose, iyo Umwisirayeli yahuraga n’ibibazo bimukomereye, mwene wabo wa hafi yabaga afite inshingano yo kumufasha. Urugero, iyo umuntu yabaga ari umucakara, uwo mucunguzi yashoboraga kumugura akamuvana muri ubwo bucakara. Nanone uwo mucunguzi yashoboraga kongera kugura umutungo cyangwa umurage mwene wabo yabaga yaratakaje bitewe n’ibibazo by’ubukene (Abalewi 25:25-27, 47-54). Iryo jambo rinafite aho rihurira n’umuhango wakorwaga kera wo gushakana n’umugore wa mwene wanyu wasigaye ari umupfakazi, kugira ngo umuryango we udacika.—Rusi 4:7-10.
Umuhumetso.
Ni umugozi w’uruhu cyangwa ukozwe mu mitsi y’imyamaswa, mu bwoya bw’inyamaswa cyangwa mu byatsi bikomeye. Hagati habaga ari hanini, bagashyiramo icyo bagiye gutera, akenshi cyabaga ari ibuye. Umuntu yafataga umutwe umwe w’uwo mugozi akawuzirika ku kiganza cyangwa ku kuboko, undi akawufata mu ntoki, akaba ari na wo arekura amaze kuzunguza umuhumetso. Mu ntwaro ibihugu bya kera byakoreshaga, habaga harimo n’imihumetso.—Abc 20:16; 1Sm 17:50.
Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando.
Nanone witwaga Umunsi Mukuru w’Isarura. Wabaga ku itariki ya 15 kugeza ku ya 21 z’ukwezi kwa Etanimu. Bizihizaga isarura ryo mu mpera z’umwaka w’ubuhinzi muri Isirayeli kandi cyabaga ari igihe cyo kwishima no gushimira Yehova kuko yabaga yarabafashije imyaka yabo ikera. Mu minsi babaga bizihiza uwo munsi mukuru, abantu babaga mu tuzu tw’ibyatsi no mu tuzu dusakaye tudafite inkuta, kugira ngo biyibutse ko bavuye muri Egiputa. Ni umwe mu minsi mikuru itatu abagabo basabwaga kujya i Yerusalemu kwizihiza.—Lw 23:34; Ezr 3:4.
Umunsi wo Kwitegura.
Wabaga ari umunsi wabanzirizaga Isabato, ukaba ari wo munsi Abayahudi bakoragaho imirimo yo kwitegura Isabato. Uwo munsi warangiraga izuba rirenze ku munsi twita ku wa Gatanu muri iki gihe, akaba ari na cyo gihe Isabato yatangiraga. Umunsi w’Abayahudi watangiraga ku mugoroba ukageza ku mugoroba w’uwundi munsi.—Mr 15:42; Lk 23:54.
Umwanditsi.
Yari ashinzwe kwandukura Ibyanditswe by’Igiheburayo. Igihe Yesu yazaga ku isi, iryo jambo ryakoreshwaga rishaka kuvuga itsinda ry’abantu bari abahanga mu Mategeko ya Mose. Abo bantu barwanyije Yesu.—Ezr 7:6, ibisobanuro; Mr 12:38, 39; 14:1.
Urimu na Tumimu.
Ni ibintu umutambyi mukuru yakoreshaga kugira ngo amenye imyanzuro ituruka ku Mana, mu gihe habaga hari ikibazo cyavutse kireba Abisirayeli bose kandi hakenewe igisubizo giturutse kuri Yehova. Yakoreshaga Urimu na Tumimu nk’uko bakora ubufindo. Iyo umutambyi mukuru yinjiraga mu ihema ryo guhuriramo n’Imana, yatwaraga Urimu na Tumimu mu gitambaro yabaga yambaye mu gituza. Uko bigaragara Urimu na Tumimu ntibyakomeje gukoreshwa nyuma y’uko Abanyababuloni barimbuye Yerusalemu.—Kv 28:30; Nh 7:65.
Uwasutsweho amavuta.
Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryahinduwemo “uwasutsweho amavuta” mbere na mbere risobanura “gusuka ikintu.” Gusuka amavuta ku kintu cyangwa ku muntu, byabaga bisobanura ko uwo muntu cyangwa icyo kintu bizakoreshwa mu murimo wihariye. Mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo, iryo jambo nanone rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku gusuka umwuka wera ku bantu batoranyijwe, bagahabwa ibyiringiro byo kuzaba mu ijuru.—Kv 28:41; 1Sm 16:13; 2Kr 1:21.
Y
Yedutuni.
Ni ijambo rifite ibisobanuro bitazwi neza, riboneka mu magambo abanza ya Zaburi ya 39, iya 62 n’iya 77. Uko bigaragara, ayo magambo yabaga ari amabwiriza avuga uko bari bucurange iyo zaburi, wenda bavuga injyana yayo cyangwa igikoresho bari bukoreshe bayicuranga. Nanone hari Umulewi wari uzi iby’umuziki, witwaga Yedutuni. Birashoboka ko we cyangwa abamukomokaho, baba barabitiriye iyo njyana cyangwa igikoresho cy’umuzika bakoreshaga bayicuranga.
Z
Zaburi.
Ni indirimbo yo gusingiza Imana. Zaburi zabaga ari indirimbo zaririmbwaga n’abantu basenga Imana. Zanakoreshwaga muri gahunda zo gusenga Yehova, zaberaga mu rusengero rwe i Yerusalemu.—Lk 20:42; Ibk 13:33; Yk 5:13.
