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“Tujye tugereranya imirongo y’ibyanditswe”

“Tujye tugereranya imirongo y’ibyanditswe”

HARI umugabo watoraguye agatabo muri gari ya moshi yajyaga mu mujyi wa New York. Ako gatabo karavugaga ngo ‘ubugingo bw’umuntu burapfa.’ Kateye amatsiko uwo mugabo wari umupasiteri, maze atangira kugasoma. Yaratangaye kubera ko atari yarigeze ashidikanya ku nyigisho ivuga ko ubugingo budapfa. Icyo gihe, ntiyashoboye kumenya uwanditse ako gatabo. Icyakora, yasanze ibitekerezo byarimo ari ukuri, bishingiye ku Byanditswe kandi bikwiriye gusuzumanwa ubwitonzi.

Uwo mupasiteri yitwaga George Storrs. Ibyo byabaye mu mwaka wa 1837, muri uwo mwaka akaba ari bwo Charles Darwin yanditse bwa mbere muri ajenda ye ibitekerezo byari kuzavamo inyigisho y’ubwihindurize. Icyo gihe, abantu benshi bari bacyemera Imana n’idini, basoma Bibiliya, kandi bakumva ko ari yo ikwiye gutanga ubuyobozi.

Storrs yaje kumenya ko ka gatabo kari karanditswe na Henry Grew w’i Filadelifiya muri Pennsylvania. Grew yari ashyigikiye cyane ihame ry’uko ‘Ibyanditswe byisobanura ubwabyo.’ We n’abo bari bafatanyije, bigaga Bibiliya bagamije guhuza imibereho yabo n’ibyo ivuga, kandi bagakora ibihuje n’inama itanga. Ubushakashatsi bwabo bwagaragaje ukuri guhebuje ko mu Byanditswe.

Inyandiko ya Grew yashishikarije Storrs gusuzuma yitonze icyo Ibyanditswe bivuga kubirebana n’ubugingo, maze akajya abiganiraho n’abapasiteri bagenzi be. Hashize imyaka itanu Storrs akora ubushakashatsi abyitondeye, yafashe umwanzuro wo gutangaza ukuri kw’agaciro kenshi ko mu Byanditswe yari amaze kuvumbura. Mbere na mbere, yateguye disikuru yatanze ari ku Cyumweru mu mwaka wa 1842. Icyakora, yasanze agomba gutanga izindi disikuru nke zivuga kuri iyo ngingo kugira ngo isobanuke neza. Amaherezo, disikuru ze zivuga ko ubugingo bupfa zaje kugera kuri esheshatu, azisohora zitwa Six Sermons (Disikuru Esheshatu). Storrs yagereranyaga imirongo y’Ibyanditswe kugira ngo agaragaze ukuri guhebuje kwari kwarapfukiranywe n’inyigisho zo mu madini yiyita aya gikristo zisuzuguza Imana.

Mbese Bibiliya yigisha ko ubugingo budapfa?

Bibiliya ivuga ko abigishwa ba Yesu basizwe, bahabwa umubiri udapfa kubera ubudahemuka bwabo (1 Abakorinto 15:50-56). Storrs yatekerezaga ko niba kudapfa ari igihembo cy’abantu b’indahemuka, ubugingo bw’ababi bwo bushobora gupfa. Aho kugira ngo akekeranye, yasuzumye Ibyanditswe. Yagenzuye Matayo 10:28, ahagira hati “mutinye ushobora kurimburira ubugingo n’umubiri muri Gehinomu.” Ku bw’ibyo, ubugingo bushobora kurimburwa. Nanone yasuzumye Ezekiyeli 18:4, ahagira hati “ubugingo bukora icyaha ni bwo buzapfa.” Igihe Bibiliya yose yagenzurwaga, ukuri kwayo kw’agaciro kenshi kwarigaragaje. Storrs yaranditse ati “niba ibyo ntekereza kuri icyo kibazo ari ukuri koko, ubwo hari imirongo myinshi y’Ibyanditswe yapfukiranywe n’iyo nyigisho yogeye yahita isobanuka, igashimisha benshi, ikumvikana kurushaho, kandi ikagira imbaraga.”

Ariko se bite ku birebana n’imirongo imeze nk’uwo muri Yuda 7? Uwo murongo ugira uti “kandi n’i Sodomu n’i Gomora n’imidugudu yari ihereranye na ho, kuko abaho na bo bitanze bakiha ubusambanyi no kwendana mu buryo imibiri yabo itaremewe, iyo midugudu yashyiriweho kuba akabarore ihanwa n’umuriro utazima.” Hari abantu bashobora gusoma uwo murongo bagafata umwanzuro w’uko ubugingo bw’abo bantu b’i Sodomu n’i Gomora bishwe, bubabarizwa mu muriro iteka ryose. Storrs yaranditse ati “tujye tugereranya imirongo y’Ibyanditswe.” Hanyuma, yasubiyemo 2 Petero 2:5, 6, ahagira hati ‘ubwo itababariye isi ya kera, ahubwo ikarokora Nowa, ubwo yatezaga isi y’abatubaha Imana umwuzure, kandi ubwo yaciriye ho iteka imidugudu y’i Sodomu n’i Gomora iyitwitse ikayigira ivu, yayishyiriyeho kuba akabarore k’abazagenda batubaha Imana.’ Koko rero, imidugudu ya Sodomu na Gomora yahindutse ivu, irimbukana n’abaturage bayo burundu.

Storrs yabisobanuye agira ati ‘Petero yatanze ibisobanuro by’inyongera ku byo Yuda yavuze. Ibyo bitabo byombi bigaragaza neza cyane uburakari Imana yasutse ku banyabyaha. Izo manza Imana yaciriye isi ya kera, Sodoma na Gomora, ni umuburo w’“iteka” cyangwa “urugero” ku bantu bose kugeza ku mperuka y’isi.’ Bityo rero, Yuda yavuze ko umuriro watwitse Sodoma na Gomora waharimbuye burundu. Ibyo ntibivuguruza igitekerezo cy’uko ubugingo bw’umuntu bupfa.

Storrs ntiyatoranyije imirongo ishyigikira igitekerezo cye ngo yirengagize indi. Yasuzumaga imirongo ikikije buri murongo kandi akazirikana igitekerezo rusange cya Bibiliya. Iyo habaga hari umurongo w’Ibyanditswe usa n’aho uvuguruza indi, Storrs yashakaga indi mirongo yo muri Bibiliya kugira ngo amenye icyo mu by’ukuri uwo murongo usobanura.

Ubushakashatsi Russell yakoze mu Byanditswe

Mu bantu bafatanyije na George Storrs, harimo n’umusore wari waratangije itsinda ry’abantu bigaga Bibiliya i Pittsburgh, ho muri Pennsylvania. Yitwaga Charles Taze Russell. Imwe mu ngingo yanditse ku birebana n’Ibyanditswe yasohotse mu mwaka wa 1876, mu kanyamakuru kitwaga Bible Examiner, kandikwaga na Storrs. Russell yiyemereye ko abigishwa ba Bibiliya ba mbere bamugizeho ingaruka. Nyuma yaho, igihe yari umwanditsi w’igazeti yitwaga Zion’s Watch Tower, yashimagije Storrs avuga ko yamufashije cyane, haba mu magambo no mu nyandiko.

Igihe C. T. Russell yari afite imyaka 18, yashyizeho itsinda ry’abantu bigaga Bibiliya, anabereka uburyo bwo kuyiga. A. H. Macmillan, umwigishwa wa Bibiliya wari ufatanyije na Russell, yasobanuye ubwo buryo agira ati “umuntu yabazaga ikibazo. Abigishwa bakakijyaho impaka, bakareba imirongo yose ifitanye isano na cyo, basanga ihuje neza, bagafata umwanzuro wa nyuma, maze bakawandika.”

Russell yemeraga ko Bibiliya, iyo uyigenzuye yose uko yakabaye, igaragaza ubutumwa bwuzuzanya, butavuguruzanya kandi bugaragaza ko yanditswe n’Imana. Igice cyose cyo muri Bibiliya cyasaga n’aho gikomeye, Russell yumvaga ko cyagombye gusobanuka hifashishijwe ibindi bice bya Bibiliya.

Kugereranya Ibyanditswe byatangiye kera

Icyakora, yaba Russell cyangwa Storrs, cyangwa se Grew, nta n’umwe wabaye uwa mbere mu kureka Ibyanditswe bikisobanura ubwabyo. Ubwo buryo bwatangiranye n’Uwatangije Ubukristo, ari we Yesu Kristo. Yakoreshaga imirongo myinshi y’Ibyanditswe kugira ngo asobanure neza umurongo runaka. Urugero, igihe Abafarisayo banengaga abigishwa be ngo baciye amahundo ku Isabato, Yesu yifashishije ibivugwa muri 1 Samweli 21:6 kugira ngo abereke uburyo itegeko ry’Isabato ryagombaga kubahirizwa. Abo bayobozi b’idini bari bazi neza iyo nkuru ivuga ukuntu Dawidi n’abo bari kumwe bariye imitsima yo kumurikwa. Hanyuma Yesu yerekeje ku itegeko ryavugaga ko abatambyi bakomoka kuri Aroni, ari bo bonyine bari bemerewe kuyirya (Kuva 29:32, 33; Abalewi 24:9). Nyamara, Dawidi yemerewe kuyirya. Amagambo yemeza Yesu yavuze, yayashoje asubira mu magambo aboneka mu gitabo cya Hoseya, nuko aravuga ati “iyaba mwari muzi uko iri jambo risobanurwa ngo ‘nkunda imbabazi kuruta ibitambo’ ntimwagaya abatariho urubanza” (Matayo 12:1-8). Mbega urugero ruhebuje mu birebana no kugereranya imirongo y’Ibyanditswe kugira ngo tugere ku bisobanuro nyakuri!

Abigishwa ba Yesu bakurikizaga urugero yabasigiye, bagasobanura umurongo w’Ibyanditswe bifashishije indi mirongo. Igihe intumwa Pawulo yigishaga abantu b’i Tesalonike, ‘yagiye impaka na bo mu byanditswe, abibasobanurira [“akoresheje indi mirongo y’Ibyanditswe,” “NW”], abamenyesha yuko Kristo akwiriye kubabazwa no kuzuka mu bapfuye’ (Ibyakozwe 17:2, 3). No mu mabaruwa yahumetswe n’Imana Pawulo yanditse, yararekaga Bibiliya ikisobanura. Urugero, igihe yandikiraga Abaheburayo, yasubiyemo imirongo myinshi kugira ngo yemeze ko Amategeko yari igicucu cy’ibyiza byari kuza.—Abaheburayo 10:1-18.

Mu by’ukuri, abigishwa ba Bibiliya bari bafite imitima itaryarya bo mu kinyejana cya 19 no mu ntangiro z’icya 20, biganaga gusa urwo rugero Abakristo bari barabasigiye. Kugereranya imirongo y’Ibyanditswe n’ubu biracyakurikizwa mu igazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi (2 Abatesalonike 2:15). Iryo hame ni ryo Abahamya ba Yehova bakoresha mu gihe basuzuma umurongo w’Ibyanditswe.

Ita ku mirongo ikikije uwo usuzuma

Mu gihe dusoma Bibiliya, ni gute twakwigana ingero nziza twasigiwe na Yesu hamwe n’abigishwa be b’indahemuka? Mbere na mbere, dushobora kugenzura imirongo ikikije uwo dusuzuma. Ni gute imirongo iwukikije idufasha kuwusobanukirwa? Kugira ngo tubyumve neza, reka dufate urugero rw’amagambo Yesu yavuze muri Matayo 16:28, ahagira hati “ndababwira ukuri yuko muri aba bahagaze hano harimo bamwe batazapfa, kugeza ubwo bazabona Umwana w’umuntu aziye mu bwami bwe.” Hari abashobora gutekereza ko ayo magambo atasohoye, kubera ko abigishwa ba Yesu bose bari bahari igihe yayavugaga, bapfuye mbere y’uko Ubwami bw’Imana bushyirwaho mu ijuru. Hari n’igitabo gisobanura Bibiliya cyavuze kuri uwo murongo kigira kiti “ubwo buhanuzi ntibwigeze busohora kandi Abakristo baje kubona ko bwari bufite ikindi busobanura.”—The Interpreter’s Bible.

Icyakora, imirongo iwukikije, hamwe n’indi yo muri Mariko na Luka irimo inkuru isa n’iyo, idufasha gusobanukirwa neza uwo murongo. Ni iki Matayo yahise avuga akimara kwandika ayo magambo twabonye? Yaranditse ati “iminsi itandatu ishize, Yesu ajyana na Petero na Yakobo na Yohana mwene se, bajyana mu mpinga y’umusozi muremure bonyine. Ahindurirwa imbere yabo” (Matayo 17:1, 2). Mariko na Luka, na bo bashyize isano hagati y’ibyo Yesu yavuze ku birebana n’Ubwami n’inkuru ivuga ibyo guhindura isura (Mariko 9:1-8; Luka 9:27-36). Kuza kwa Yesu ari Umwami ufite imbaraga, kwagaragaye igihe yahinduraga isura, akaboneka mu ikuzo intumwa eshatu zibireba. Petero yahamije ko ibyo ari ukuri igihe yavugaga ko yiboneye “imbaraga z’Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo” no kuhaba kwe igihe yahinduraga isura.—2 Petero 1:16-18.

Ese urareka Bibiliya ikisobanura?

Byagenda bite se udasobanukiwe umurongo w’Ibyanditswe kandi wasuzumye n’indi iwukikije? Bishobora kukugirira akamaro uwugereranyije n’indi, ari na ko uzirikana igitekerezo rusange cya Bibiliya. Uburyo buhebuje bwagufasha kubigeraho buboneka muri Les Saintes Écritures — Traduction du monde nouveau, ubu iboneka mu ndimi 57, yaba yose cyangwa igice. Ubwo buryo ni ugukoresha impuzamirongo ziri mu nkingi yo hagati, ziboneka kuri buri paji mu buhinduzi bwinshi bw’iyo Bibiliya. Ushobora kubona izirenze 125.000 muri Bibiliya yitwa Les Saintes Écritures — Traduction du monde nouveau — avec notes et références. “Ijambo ry’ibanze” ryo muri iyo Bibiliya rigira riti “kugenzura witonze impuzamirongo ndetse n’ibisobanuro bitangwa ahagana hasi ku ipaji, bizakwereka ukuntu ibitabo 66 bya Bibiliya byuzuzanya mu buryo buhebuje, kandi bikugaragarize ko byose bigize igitabo kimwe cyahumetswe n’Imana.”

Nimucyo turebe ukuntu gukoresha impuzamirongo bishobora kudufasha gusobanukirwa umurongo w’Ibyanditswe runaka. Dufate urugero rw’inkuru ivuga ibya Aburamu cyangwa Aburahamu. Reka noneho dusuzume iki kibazo: ni nde wafashe iya mbere igihe Aburamu n’umuryango we bavaga muri Uri? Mu Itangiriro 11:31, hagira hati “Tera ajyana Aburamu umwana we na Loti . . . na Sarayi umukazana we, . . . bava muri Uri y’Abakaludaya barajyana, bavanwayo no kujya mu gihugu cy’i Kanāni, bagera i Harani barahatura.” Umuntu akimara gusoma uwo murongo, ashobora gufata umwanzuro w’uko Tera, se wa Aburamu, ari we wafashe iya mbere. Ariko kandi, muri Bibiliya yitwa Traduction du monde nouveau, tubonamo imirongo 11 ifite aho ihuriye n’uwo. Uwa nyuma ni uwo mu Byakozwe 7:2, aho dusanga umuburo Sitefano yahaye Abayahudi bo mu kinyejana cya mbere agira ati ‘Imana y’icyubahiro yabonekeye sogokuruza Aburahamu ari i Mesopotamiya ataratura i Harani, iramubwira iti “va mu gihugu cyanyu no muri bene wanyu ujye mu gihugu nzakwereka”’ (Ibyakozwe 7:2, 3). Mbese Sitefano yaba yaritiranyije ibyo n’igihe Aburamu yavaga i Harani? Uko bigaragara si byo, kuko uwo murongo ari umwe mu mirongo igize Ijambo ry’Imana ryahumetswe.—Itangiriro 12:1-3.

Kuki se mu Itangiriro 11:31 havuga ko ‘Tera yajyanye Aburamu umwana we’ n’abandi bo mu muryango we bakava muri Uri? Tera yari akiri umukuru w’umuryango. Yemeye kujyana na Aburamu, iyo ikaba ari yo mpamvu byavuzwe ko ari we wimuye uwo muryango akawujyana i Harani. Iyo tugereranyije iyo mirongo y’Ibyanditswe yombi kandi tukayihuza, dushobora gusobanukirwa neza uko byagenze. Aburamu yemeje se mu kinyabupfura ko bakumvira itegeko ry’Imana bakava muri Uri.

Mu gihe dusoma umurongo w’Ibyanditswe, twagombye kuzirikana imirongo iwukikije kandi tukazirikana igitekerezo rusange cya Bibiliya. Abakristo baterwa inkunga igira iti ‘twebweho ntitwahawe ku mwuka w’iyi si, ahubwo twahawe uwo mwuka uva ku Mana kugira ngo tumenye ibyo Imana yaduhereye ubuntu, ari byo tuvuga ariko ntitubivugisha amagambo akomoka mu bwenge bw’abantu, ahubwo tubivugisha akomoka ku mwuka, dusobanuza iby’umwuka iby’umwuka bindi’ (1 Abakorinto 2:11-13). Koko rero, tugomba kwinginga Yehova akadufasha gusobanukirwa Ijambo rye kandi tukagerageza ‘gusobanuza iby’umwuka iby’umwuka bindi,’ binyuze mu kugenzura imirongo y’Ibyanditswe ikikije uwo dufiteho ikibazo kandi tukareba n’indi bifitanye isano. Nimucyo dukomeze gushaka ukuri kw’agaciro, twiga Ijambo ry’Imana.