IBIGANIRO BIHUYE N’IBIRI KU GIPFUKISHO | ISI YOBA ITAKIVAYO?
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NIMBA amakuru mabi uguma wumva atuma uhagarika umutima canke ugira ubwoba, humura nturi wenyene. Mu 2014, Barack Obama uwahoze ari umukuru w’igihugu ca Amerika, yavuze ko abantu benshi bafatiye ku makuru mabi aguma ashikirizwa mu bimenyeshamakuru, babona ko “isi iriko iriruka . . . busazi kandi ko ata n’umwe ashobora kuyigarura.”
Igitangaje ni uko gatoyi inyuma y’aho, yavuganye umunezero mwinshi ibijanye n’imigambi iriko irategurwa mu ntumbero yo gutorera umuti ingorane zihanze isi. Yarashemagije utwigoro turiko turagirwa na leta, avuga ko “abona ko ibintu bizogenda neza” kandi ko “avyizigiye cane.” Ni nk’aho yashaka kuvuga ko utwigoro abantu bariko baragira tuzotuma bagarukira isi, ntitikire.
Hari n’abandi benshi babona ibintu gutyo. Nk’akarorero, hari abizeza abantu ko vuba iterambere mu vy’ubuhinga rizotorera umuti ingorane zihanze isi. Umushakashatsi umwe mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa none be no guhingura ibintu bishasha, yavuze ko mu 2030 “ubuhinga bwa none buzoba bukomeye incuro igihumbi kuruta uko biri ubu, mu 2045 na ho bukazoba bukomeye incuro umuliyoni kuruta.” Yongeyeko ati: “Tugeze ku rugero rushimishije cane. Naho ingorane ziduhanze zisigaye zikomeye cane, natwe dusigaye tunyaruka kuzitorera umuti.”
None neza na neza ibintu vyifashe gute? Twoba vy’ukuri tugeze ku manga? Naho abahinga be n’abanyapolitike bavuga ko imbere ari heza, abantu benshi usanga bafise amakenga kuri kazoza. Uti kuki?
IBIRWANISHO RUHONYANGANDA. Naho ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU be n’ayandi mashirahamwe yagize utwigoro dukomeye, yarananiwe guhagarika umugambi wo gukora ibirwanisho ruhonyanganda. Ahubwo nyabuna indongozi z’akagagazo zibona ko amategeko abuza guhingura ibirwanisho ruhonyanganda ari nk’ibikanganyoni. Ibihugu bitunze ibirwanisho ruhonyanganda biguma bisubiramwo amabombe ya kera, bigakora n’ayandi ruhonyanganda kuruta ayahahora. Ibihugu kera bitakora mwene ivyo birwanisho ubu bikora amabombe ashobora kuzimanganya abantu amasinzi.
Ukwo guhingura ibirwanisho ruhonyanganda ku rugero rutari bwigere rubaho, bituma isi icika ahantu hateye akaga mbere no mu bihe twokwita ko ari ivy’amahoro. Ca kinyamakuru (Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists) kigira giti: “Nk’akarorero, ibirwanisho vyica bitarinze gukoreshwa canke kuyoborwa n’umuntu, ni vyo canecane bihagaritse abantu umutima.”
AMAGARA YACU ARAGERAMIWE. Iterambere mu vy’ubuhinga riradufasha kugira amagara meza, ariko riri n’aho rigarukiriza. Nk’akarorero, ivumbuka ry’umurindi w’amaraso, kuvyibuha birenze urugero, itosekara ry’ikirere be n’ukwizizirwa n’ibiyayuramutwe ni ibintu bishobora guteza indwara kandi biguma vyongerekana. Abantu benshi baricwa n’indwara nyinshi zitandukira, nka kanseri, indwara z’umutima hamwe na diyabeti. Igitigiri c’abamugazwa n’izindi ndwara, ushizemwo n’izo mu mutwe, na co kiguma congerekana. Mu myaka iheze haradutse indwara z’ibiza zikaze cane nka Ebola na Zika. Muri make rero, abantu ntibashobora gukuraho indwara kandi bisa n’uko ata n’icizigiro c’uko bazoteba bakabishobora.
ABANTU BARAGERAMIYE IBIDUKIKIJE. Amahinguriro aguma atosekaza ikirere. Buri mwaka abantu amamiliyoni barapfa kubera guhema impemu zirimwo ubumara.
Abantu, amashirahamwe be n’inzego za leta baguma basuka mu biyaga imyanda iva mu mazu, iyiva kwa muganga no mu mirima, ibiplastike n’ibindi bicafu. Igitabu kimwe kivuga ko “iyo myanda y’ubumara ibangamira ibinyabuzima vyo mu mazi hamwe n’amagara y’ababifungura.”
Vyongeye, amazi meza atera akena. Umuhinga w’Umwongereza yitwa Robin McKie ntiyihenze mu kuvuga ko “isi ihanzwe n’ikibazo c’ikena ry’amazi ku buryo kizoteba kigashika mu mihingo yose.” Abanyapolitike baremera ko ikena ry’amazi ahanini riterwa n’abantu kandi ko ivyo bishobora gutuma haba ingorane zikomeye.
IBIDUKIKIJE BIRAGIREMIYE ABANTU. Imiyaga ikaze, ibihuhusi, ibivumbuzi, ibisebuzi na vya nyamugigima bituma haba imyuzurira, imisozi igasenyagurika hamwe n’ibindi vyago. Muri iki gihe, ivyo vyago birahitana abantu benshi kuruta canke bikabasiga bifumbereje. Icigwa cagizwe n’Urwego rwo muri Amerika ruraba ibijanye n’ikirere cerekanye ko bishoboka cane ko “hatera ibihuhusi vyinshi kandi bikomeye, imiyaga ishushe cane kandi yica hamwe n’ibihe vy’imyuzurira n’ivy’uruzuba.” None ibidukikije vyoba bizohonya abantu?
Nta nkeka ko ushobora kwiyumvira n’ibindi vyago bitugeramiye. Ariko rero gusuzuma ibibi vyose bishika muri iki gihe si vyo bizotuma uronka inyishu zitomoye ku bijanye na kazoza. Hari n’ababona ko kwumviriza abanyapolitike be n’abahinga mu vya siyansi na vyo nyene ata nyishu bitanga. Ariko nk’uko twabibonye mu kiganiro c’imbere y’iki, abenshi bararonse inyishu zitomoye ku bibazo bari bafise ku bijanye n’ibiba mw’isi be na kazoza. None bazikuye hehe?