NISAN (ABIB) March​—⁠April

14 Passover

15-21 Unleavened Bread

16 Offering of firstfruits

Jordan swells from rains, melting snow

Barley

IYYAR (ZIV) April​—⁠May

14 Late Passover

Dry season begins, mostly clear skies

Wheat

SIVAN May​—⁠June

6 Festival of Weeks (Pentecost)

Summer heat, clear air

Wheat, early figs

TAMMUZ June​—⁠July

Heat increases, heavy dews in areas

First grapes

AB July​—⁠August

Heat reaches maximum

Summer fruits

ELUL August​—⁠September

Heat continues

Dates, grapes, and figs

TISHRI (ETHANIM) September​—⁠October

1 Trumpet blast

10 Day of Atonement

15-21 Festival of Booths

22 Solemn assembly

Summer ends, early rains begin

Plowing

HESHVAN (BUL) October​—⁠November

Light rains

Olives

CHISLEV November​—⁠December

25 Festival of Dedication

Rain increases, frost, mountain snows

Flocks wintered

TEBETH December​—⁠January

Maximum cold, rainy, mountain snows

Vegetation developing

SHEBAT January​—⁠February

Cold weather lessens, rain continues

Almond blossoms

ADAR February​—⁠March

14, 15 Purim

Frequent thunder and hail

Flax

VEADAR March

Intercalary month added seven times in 19 years